{"what_this_is":"The machine-readable twin of the BankPulse page for one RBI rulebook. Same points, same dates, same paragraph references as the page a person reads. RBI's own wording is not reproduced here: each point names the RBI paragraph, the character offset into the text BankPulse read and the sha256 of that text, so the claim can be checked against RBI's own document.","schema_version":1,"release_id":"d653cdb0a5","generated_at":"2026-09-15T00:33:59.117975+00:00","id":"md12928","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Asset Reconstruction Companies – Treatment of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters) Directions, 2025","document_kind":"Directions","page":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928","status":"In force","importance":{"code":"MR","label":"MUST READ","weight":"Must read","why":"Binding RBI Directions naming this institution class in the title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"applies_to":{"shown":"Asset reconstruction companies","class_code":"ARC","from":"the document's own title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"dates":{"prid":"md12928","mode":"four_dates_v1","published":{"label":"Published","value":"Nov 28, 2025","stated":true,"why":"The day RBI put this document out."},"effective":{"label":"Starts to apply","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Not stated separately in this document. Read the rule itself before you assume a start date."},"transition":{"label":"Time to get ready","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Cannot be worked out until the day it starts to apply is known."},"deadline":{"label":"Last date to act","value":"","stated":false,"why":"No date to act by was found in this document. Other dates may sit inside single paragraphs."},"sources":{"published":"doc_date in data/highlights/md12928.json","effective":"none held","transition":"none held","deadline":"none held"}},"rbi_source":{"url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasDirections.aspx?id=12928","document_date":"Nov 28, 2025","read_by_bankpulse":"2026-08-21 16:21:49 UTC","text_sha256":"86e2871ff18973640e0d495fd0e87ccbb19b540a13f201ae4afac32b9aae5f11","word_count":1950,"standing_last_checked":"Standing checked on RBI’s Master Directions index, 15 September 2026, 5:58 am IST."},"counts":{"points_shown":16,"points_naming_an_rbi_paragraph":16,"points_stored":16,"actions":0,"amendments":0},"points":[{"n":1,"claim":"md12928-58372f9c","page_group":"Opening paragraphs","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Warn the other lenders","plain_english":"The rules aim to spread word of a wilful defaulter so no fresh money reaches him.","rbi_paragraph":"Opening paragraphs","rbi_char_offset":2414,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p1","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12928-5e6f8b2c","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Wilful default for ARCs","plain_english":"This paper sets how asset reconstruction companies name a wilful defaulter.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 1(1)","rbi_char_offset":3034,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p2","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12928-1840df20","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Start date","plain_english":"These Directions came into effect on the day RBI issued them.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 1(2)","rbi_char_offset":3213,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p3","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12928-54c82db0","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Who is covered","plain_english":"These Directions apply to every asset reconstruction company.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2(1)","rbi_char_offset":3279,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p4","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md12928-4028db37","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Every RBI-regulated lender","plain_english":"The bar on fresh money to a wilful defaulter binds every lender RBI regulates.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2(2)","rbi_char_offset":3580,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p5","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12928-cbce2fac","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"One crore includes unapplied interest","plain_english":"Unapplied interest counts towards the ₹1 crore threshold.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 4(2)","rbi_char_offset":5321,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"Suppose the principal outstanding is ₹98 lakh and the unapplied interest is ₹4 lakh. Together that is ₹1.02 crore. The account crosses the ₹1 crore threshold, because the interest counts.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p6","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12928-d957eb89","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"30-day list removal","plain_english":"ARCs must remove a name from the list within 30 days once dues fall below 25 lakh rupees.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5(2)","rbi_char_offset":6065,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p7","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12928-05a7eaa3","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Check the director details","plain_english":"Director details sent to the bureaus must be checked against the Registrar's database.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9(2)","rbi_char_offset":9166,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p8","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md12928-8c38df40","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Report failed guarantors","plain_english":"Guarantors who do not honour an invoked guarantee must be reported to the bureaus.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 10(1)","rbi_char_offset":9369,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p9","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md12928-447e1ad2","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Suits go by sued amount","plain_english":"For a suit filed account the threshold is the amount sued for.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 4(2)","rbi_char_offset":5440,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p10","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md12928-5c442e9c","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Off the list when paid","plain_english":"A name comes off the list only when the compromise amount is paid in full.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(1)","rbi_char_offset":6417,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p11","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":7,"claim":"md12928-d36e9ea3","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Part payment keeps the name","plain_english":"Part payment does not take the name off, even below the threshold.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(2)","rbi_char_offset":6548,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p12","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":8,"claim":"md12928-4422f42b","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Removal does not end it","plain_english":"Taking a name off the list does not stop criminal proceedings already begun.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(3)","rbi_char_offset":7042,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p13","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":9,"claim":"md12928-f76863ea","page_group":"Chapter II. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Cancelled settlement, revised figure","plain_english":"If a deal is called off, the new sum owed is what gets reported.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(4)","rbi_char_offset":7311,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p14","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12928-993e5f4b","page_group":"Chapter III. Repeal and Other Provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Older rules cancelled","plain_english":"This document cancels the older wilful-defaulter rules for Commercial Banks.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 11(1)","rbi_char_offset":9730,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p15","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12928-30fee77a","page_group":"Chapter III. Repeal and Other Provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Old cases continue","plain_english":"Penalties and legal cases already started under the old rules still continue.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 11(2)","rbi_char_offset":10218,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12928#p16","layer":"bankpulse"}],"actions":[],"amendments":[],"layers":{"rbi_source":"Facts taken from RBI's own document.","bankpulse":"BankPulse's plain-English summary of RBI's document.","bankpulse_inference":"BankPulse's own inference, not stated by RBI."},"rbi_wording_not_included":"By design. BankPulse never republishes RBI's exact sentences. Use rbi_paragraph with rbi_source.url to read RBI's own words.","terms":"BankPulse's plain-English summaries are BankPulse's own work. The underlying regulation is the Reserve Bank of India's. Always check the RBI document named in rbi_source before acting."}