{"what_this_is":"The machine-readable twin of the BankPulse page for one RBI rulebook. Same points, same dates, same paragraph references as the page a person reads. RBI's own wording is not reproduced here: each point names the RBI paragraph, the character offset into the text BankPulse read and the sha256 of that text, so the claim can be checked against RBI's own document.","schema_version":1,"release_id":"d653cdb0a5","generated_at":"2026-09-15T00:33:59.117975+00:00","id":"md12991","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Rural Co-operative Banks – Treatment of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters) Directions, 2025","document_kind":"Directions","page":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991","status":"In force","importance":{"code":"MR","label":"MUST READ","weight":"Must read","why":"Binding RBI Directions naming this institution class in the title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"applies_to":{"shown":"Rural co-operative banks","class_code":"RURAL_COOP","from":"the document's own title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"dates":{"prid":"md12991","mode":"four_dates_v1","published":{"label":"Published","value":"Nov 28, 2025","stated":true,"why":"The day RBI put this document out."},"effective":{"label":"Starts to apply","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Not stated separately in this document. Read the rule itself before you assume a start date."},"transition":{"label":"Time to get ready","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Cannot be worked out until the day it starts to apply is known."},"deadline":{"label":"Last date to act","value":"","stated":false,"why":"No date to act by was found in this document. Other dates may sit inside single paragraphs."},"sources":{"published":"doc_date in data/highlights/md12991.json","effective":"none held","transition":"none held","deadline":"none held"}},"rbi_source":{"url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasDirections.aspx?id=12991","document_date":"Nov 28, 2025","read_by_bankpulse":"2026-08-21 16:19:36 UTC","text_sha256":"c4adc51cff394c7da03d0d960a2f4f8821fd7c971440c448d215722d9ad3e1e8","word_count":1891,"standing_last_checked":"Standing checked on RBI’s Master Directions index, 15 September 2026, 5:58 am IST."},"counts":{"points_shown":20,"points_naming_an_rbi_paragraph":20,"points_stored":20,"actions":0,"amendments":0},"points":[{"n":1,"claim":"md12991-58372f9c","page_group":"Opening paragraphs","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Warn the other lenders","plain_english":"The rules aim to spread word of a wilful defaulter so no fresh money reaches him.","rbi_paragraph":"Opening paragraphs","rbi_char_offset":2358,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p1","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12991-11800d69","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Wilful default for RCBs","plain_english":"This paper sets how rural co-operative banks name a wilful defaulter.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 1(1)","rbi_char_offset":2940,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p2","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12991-1840df20","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Start date","plain_english":"These Directions came into effect on the day RBI issued them.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 1(2)","rbi_char_offset":3113,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p3","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12991-33122047","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Who is covered","plain_english":"These Directions apply to every rural co-operative bank.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2(1)","rbi_char_offset":3179,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p4","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md12991-4028db37","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Every RBI-regulated lender","plain_english":"The bar on fresh money to a wilful defaulter binds every lender RBI regulates.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2(2)","rbi_char_offset":3679,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p5","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12991-35b9ca85","page_group":"Chapter II. Treatment of Wilful Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"One-year credit ban","plain_english":"Banks cannot give a wilful defaulter new credit for one year after removal from the list.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 4(1)","rbi_char_offset":5006,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p6","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12991-13022fef","page_group":"Chapter II. Treatment of Wilful Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Penalty ends with the tie","plain_english":"The penalties stop applying to an associated firm once the tie is broken.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 4(1)","rbi_char_offset":5750,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p7","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12991-bb280f73","page_group":"Chapter II. Treatment of Wilful Defaulters","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Associated firms are caught","plain_english":"Every firm a wilful defaulter runs or sits on the board of is tied to him.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 4(6)","rbi_char_offset":6431,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p8","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12991-cbce2fac","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"One crore includes unapplied interest","plain_english":"Unapplied interest counts towards the ₹1 crore threshold.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5(2)","rbi_char_offset":7030,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"Suppose the principal outstanding is ₹98 lakh and the unapplied interest is ₹4 lakh. Together that is ₹1.02 crore. The account crosses the ₹1 crore threshold, because the interest counts.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p9","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12991-5f693595","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Do not lean on auditors","plain_english":"A lender must not go by the auditor's paper alone.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9(2)","rbi_char_offset":10966,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Audit","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p10","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12991-05a7eaa3","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Check the director details","plain_english":"Director details sent to the bureaus must be checked against the Registrar's database.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 7(2)","rbi_char_offset":8793,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p11","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md12991-ae3b5c08","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Report failed guarantors","plain_english":"Guarantors who do not honour an invoked guarantee must be reported to the bureaus.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 8","rbi_char_offset":8990,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p12","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md12991-494d6661","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Check identical names yourself","plain_english":"Where two names are the same, the lender must check who is who on its own.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9(1)","rbi_char_offset":9598,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p13","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md12991-d4c0efd2","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Watch where the money goes","plain_english":"The end use of funds must be watched and a certificate taken from the borrower.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9(2)","rbi_char_offset":9778,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p14","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":7,"claim":"md12991-ed83f74d","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"End use in the policy","plain_english":"End use checks must form part of the lender's own loan policy document.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9(2)","rbi_char_offset":10240,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p15","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":8,"claim":"md12991-447e1ad2","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Suits go by sued amount","plain_english":"For a suit filed account the threshold is the amount sued for.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5(2)","rbi_char_offset":7149,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p16","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":9,"claim":"md12991-26920375","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"New owner, clean slate","plain_english":"The bar lifts once a rescue plan puts the firm in new hands.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(1)","rbi_char_offset":7427,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p17","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":10,"claim":"md12991-088c9ce5","page_group":"Chapter III. Reporting of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"A false certificate means court","plain_english":"A false paper from the borrower may take him to court.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9(2)","rbi_char_offset":9951,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p18","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12991-637a75b8","page_group":"Chapter IV. Repeal and Other Provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Older rules cancelled","plain_english":"This document cancels the older wilful-defaulter rules for Commercial Banks.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 10(1)","rbi_char_offset":11602,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p19","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12991-30fee77a","page_group":"Chapter IV. Repeal and Other Provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Old cases continue","plain_english":"Penalties and legal cases already started under the old rules still continue.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 10(2)","rbi_char_offset":12085,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12991#p20","layer":"bankpulse"}],"actions":[],"amendments":[],"layers":{"rbi_source":"Facts taken from RBI's own document.","bankpulse":"BankPulse's plain-English summary of RBI's document.","bankpulse_inference":"BankPulse's own inference, not stated by RBI."},"rbi_wording_not_included":"By design. BankPulse never republishes RBI's exact sentences. Use rbi_paragraph with rbi_source.url to read RBI's own words.","terms":"BankPulse's plain-English summaries are BankPulse's own work. The underlying regulation is the Reserve Bank of India's. Always check the RBI document named in rbi_source before acting."}