{"what_this_is":"The machine-readable twin of the BankPulse page for one RBI rulebook. Same points, same dates, same paragraph references as the page a person reads. RBI's own wording is not reproduced here: each point names the RBI paragraph, the character offset into the text BankPulse read and the sha256 of that text, so the claim can be checked against RBI's own document.","schema_version":1,"release_id":"d653cdb0a5","generated_at":"2026-09-15T00:33:59.117975+00:00","id":"md12993","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Rural Co-operative Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning) Directions, 2025  (Updated as on July 01, 2026)","document_kind":"Directions","page":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993","status":"In force","importance":{"code":"MR","label":"MUST READ","weight":"Must read","why":"Binding RBI Directions naming this institution class in the title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"applies_to":{"shown":"Rural co-operative banks","class_code":"RURAL_COOP","from":"the document's own title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"dates":{"prid":"md12993","mode":"four_dates_v1","published":{"label":"Published","value":"Nov 28, 2025","stated":true,"why":"The day RBI put this document out."},"effective":{"label":"Starts to apply","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Not stated separately in this document. Read the rule itself before you assume a start date."},"transition":{"label":"Time to get ready","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Cannot be worked out until the day it starts to apply is known."},"deadline":{"label":"Last date to act","value":"","stated":false,"why":"No date to act by was found in this document. Other dates may sit inside single paragraphs."},"sources":{"published":"doc_date in data/highlights/md12993.json","effective":"none held","transition":"none held","deadline":"none held"}},"rbi_source":{"url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasDirections.aspx?id=12993","document_date":"Nov 28, 2025","read_by_bankpulse":"2026-08-21 16:19:39 UTC","text_sha256":"9951ef2db23b9880054be4b8e92196be4459972b43e6637d8dc84bd04a0c4e48","word_count":5718,"standing_last_checked":"Standing checked on RBI’s Master Directions index, 15 September 2026, 5:58 am IST."},"counts":{"points_shown":28,"points_naming_an_rbi_paragraph":28,"points_stored":28,"actions":0,"amendments":3},"points":[{"n":1,"claim":"md12993-4ae98715","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Bad loan norms for RCBs","plain_english":"This paper sets when a loan turns bad for rural co-operative banks.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 1","rbi_char_offset":3885,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p1","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12993-1840df20","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Start date","plain_english":"These Directions came into effect on the day RBI issued them.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2","rbi_char_offset":4063,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p2","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12993-fdeadebf","page_group":"Chapter I. 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Preliminary","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Out of order covers overdrafts","plain_english":"The out of order test covers every overdraft product, business or not.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5(5)","rbi_char_offset":6141,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":["working-capital"],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p5","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md12993-e3a70ab6","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Overdue means unpaid on time","plain_english":"Any sum not paid on its due date is overdue.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5(6)","rbi_char_offset":6423,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p6","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":7,"claim":"md12993-7fe3b03a","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Security must be tangible","plain_english":"Security means a tangible charge; a guarantee or comfort letter does not count.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5(7)","rbi_char_offset":6521,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p7","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":8,"claim":"md12993-5aa2a822","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Short crops defined by exclusion","plain_english":"A short duration crop is any crop that is not a long duration crop.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5(8)","rbi_char_offset":6705,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p8","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":9,"claim":"md12993-7e1d9fff","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Enterprise sizes defined elsewhere","plain_english":"Micro, small and medium enterprise are defined by the MSME credit circular.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6","rbi_char_offset":6789,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":["msme-loan"],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p9","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12993-29e0e7ac","page_group":"Chapter II. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Thirty days makes SMA-1","plain_english":"An account overdue for thirty days is tagged SMA-1 at that day's run.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 12","rbi_char_offset":9531,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"An instalment falls due on 1 September and is not paid. The account is tagged SMA-1 when 30 days of continuous overdue are complete. That is at the day-end run on 1 October.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p10","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12993-849dccd7","page_group":"Chapter II. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Sixty days makes SMA-2","plain_english":"An account overdue past SMA-1 is tagged SMA-2 at the next month's day-end run.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 12","rbi_char_offset":9735,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p11","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12993-17e63c7e","page_group":"Chapter II. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Name the repayment start","plain_english":"Where there is a moratorium, the loan agreement must name the exact repayment start date.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 8(3)","rbi_char_offset":8232,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p12","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md12993-5c7feb3e","page_group":"Chapter II. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Flag at day end","plain_english":"An account must be flagged overdue in the day-end run for its due date.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 11","rbi_char_offset":8683,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p13","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md12993-0813437c","page_group":"Chapter II. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Disclose in the notes","plain_english":"The position must be shown in the notes to the accounts.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 14","rbi_char_offset":10610,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p14","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md12993-3f561084","page_group":"Chapter II. General Instructions","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"The calendar date rules","plain_english":"The SMA or bad loan date is the calendar date of the day-end run.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 12","rbi_char_offset":8981,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p15","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12993-5013ae86","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"180-day review rule","plain_english":"An account becomes an NPA if credit limits are not reviewed within 180 days.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 17(4)","rbi_char_offset":11600,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p16","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12993-dfe3dfda","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Later events do not count","plain_english":"Events after the date must not be used to decide whether a loan is bad.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 22","rbi_char_offset":15992,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p17","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md12993-1dd6a663","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Fit schedule to cash flow","plain_english":"Repayment dates must be set from the borrower's real cash flow.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 20","rbi_char_offset":15520,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p18","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md12993-89cbddee","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Standard means no problem","plain_english":"A standard asset shows no problem and carries no more than normal risk.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 16","rbi_char_offset":11011,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p19","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md12993-5c75a285","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Security does not save it","plain_english":"Security or the borrower's net worth does not stop an advance being called bad.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 23","rbi_char_offset":16071,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p20","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md12993-a34e7acc","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Moratorium delays the due date","plain_english":"Where a moratorium is given, the loan falls due only once that period ends.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 25","rbi_char_offset":16889,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p21","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":7,"claim":"md12993-839f2686","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Deposit-backed loans are exempt","plain_english":"A loan against a term deposit, NSC, KVP or life policy is not treated as bad.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 30","rbi_char_offset":18670,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":["deposit-account"],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p22","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":8,"claim":"md12993-bc99edc2","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Income is not exempt","plain_english":"That exemption does not extend to how income on it is taken.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 31","rbi_char_offset":18958,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p23","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":9,"claim":"md12993-478091fb","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"State guarantee does not save","plain_english":"A State guaranteed advance still turns bad once dues stay overdue.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 32","rbi_char_offset":19021,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p24","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":10,"claim":"md12993-251e23c4","page_group":"Chapter III. Asset Classification","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Plan sets the later grade","plain_english":"After a resolution plan is put in place, later grading follows these Directions.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 32","rbi_char_offset":19826,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p25","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12993-5d7acda6","page_group":"Chapter IV. Provisioning Norms","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Writing off loss assets","plain_english":"Banks should write off loss assets completely.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 46","rbi_char_offset":26407,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p26","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md12993-e1efd70a","page_group":"Chapter VI. Repeal and Other Provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Older rules cancelled","plain_english":"This document cancels the older income recognition and provisioning rules for Commercial Banks.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 63","rbi_char_offset":33567,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p27","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md12993-30fee77a","page_group":"Chapter VI. Repeal and Other Provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Old cases continue","plain_english":"Penalties and legal cases already started under the old rules still continue.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 64","rbi_char_offset":34055,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md12993#p28","layer":"bankpulse"}],"actions":[],"amendments":[{"id":"nt13292","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Rural Co-operative Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning) Amendment Directions, 2026","date":"Feb 13, 2026","rbi_url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13292&Mode=0","order":1,"layer":"rbi_source"},{"id":"nt13429","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Rural Cooperative Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning) Amendment Directions, 2026","date":"Apr 29, 2026","rbi_url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13429&Mode=0","order":2,"layer":"rbi_source"},{"id":"nt13578","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Rural Co-operative Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning) Third Amendment Directions, 2026","date":"Jul 16, 2026","rbi_url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13578&Mode=0","order":3,"layer":"rbi_source"}],"layers":{"rbi_source":"Facts taken from RBI's own document.","bankpulse":"BankPulse's plain-English summary of RBI's document.","bankpulse_inference":"BankPulse's own inference, not stated by RBI."},"rbi_wording_not_included":"By design. BankPulse never republishes RBI's exact sentences. Use rbi_paragraph with rbi_source.url to read RBI's own words.","terms":"BankPulse's plain-English summaries are BankPulse's own work. The underlying regulation is the Reserve Bank of India's. Always check the RBI document named in rbi_source before acting."}