{"what_this_is":"The machine-readable twin of the BankPulse page for one RBI rulebook. Same points, same dates, same paragraph references as the page a person reads. RBI's own wording is not reproduced here: each point names the RBI paragraph, the character offset into the text BankPulse read and the sha256 of that text, so the claim can be checked against RBI's own document.","schema_version":1,"release_id":"d653cdb0a5","generated_at":"2026-09-15T00:33:59.117975+00:00","id":"md13153","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 (Updated as on July 01, 2026)","document_kind":"Directions","page":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153","status":"In force","importance":{"code":"MR","label":"MUST READ","weight":"Must read","why":"Binding RBI Directions naming this institution class in the title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"applies_to":{"shown":"Commercial banks","class_code":"SCB","from":"the document's own title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"dates":{"prid":"md13153","mode":"four_dates_v1","published":{"label":"Published","value":"November 28, 2025","stated":true,"why":"The day RBI put this document out."},"effective":{"label":"Starts to apply","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Not stated separately in this document. Read the rule itself before you assume a start date."},"transition":{"label":"Time to get ready","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Cannot be worked out until the day it starts to apply is known."},"deadline":{"label":"Last date to act","value":"","stated":false,"why":"No date to act by was found in this document. Other dates may sit inside single paragraphs."},"sources":{"published":"doc_date in data/highlights/md13153.json","effective":"none held","transition":"none held","deadline":"none held"}},"rbi_source":{"url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasDirections.aspx?id=13153","document_date":"November 28, 2025","read_by_bankpulse":"2026-08-21 16:15:26 UTC","text_sha256":"cc14f211b8005ca5d121d9837172ec5021dc56af874d996084f6c02d910bcf09","word_count":null,"standing_last_checked":"Standing checked on RBI’s Master Directions index, 15 September 2026, 5:58 am IST."},"counts":{"points_shown":35,"points_naming_an_rbi_paragraph":35,"points_stored":35,"actions":0,"amendments":4},"points":[{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-058d6800","page_group":"Opening paragraphs","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Latest update","plain_english":"The document was last updated on July 1, 2026.","rbi_paragraph":"Opening paragraphs","rbi_char_offset":1768,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p1","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-11de5afb","page_group":"Opening paragraphs","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Date of issue","plain_english":"RBI issued these Directions on November 28, 2025.","rbi_paragraph":"Opening paragraphs","rbi_char_offset":1867,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p2","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13153-43cd42ab","page_group":"Opening paragraphs","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Credit risk significance","plain_english":"Commercial banks face many risks, and credit risk is one of the most significant among them.","rbi_paragraph":"Opening paragraphs","rbi_char_offset":2988,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p3","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-1897bb38","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Start date","plain_english":"These Directions took effect on the day RBI issued them.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2","rbi_char_offset":4208,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"There is no gap here between issue and effect. The Directions come into effect immediately upon issuance. A bank cannot wait for a separate start date, because there is none.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p4","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-d4ecdf78","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"In force at once","plain_english":"The rules took effect the day they were issued. There was no grace period.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2","rbi_char_offset":4213,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p5","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13153-914b06f1","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Who is covered","plain_english":"This rule applies to commercial banks, called 'banks' here.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 3","rbi_char_offset":4278,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p6","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-f6cde8a6","page_group":"Chapter II. Board Approved Policies","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Board-approved credit policy","plain_english":"A bank's Board must approve a full policy on credit risk management.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 4(2)","rbi_char_offset":16229,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p7","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-ef59db46","page_group":"Chapter IV. Statutory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Own-share lending ban","plain_english":"A bank cannot grant loans or advances against the security of its own shares.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 13(1)","rbi_char_offset":19328,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p8","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-347499e9","page_group":"Chapter IV. Statutory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"No loans to directors","plain_english":"A bank cannot commit to grant loans or advances to its own directors.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 14(1)","rbi_char_offset":19490,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p9","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13153-056a4c69","page_group":"Chapter IV. Statutory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Buy-back financing ban","plain_english":"A bank cannot provide loans to companies for buy-back of their shares or securities.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 23(3)","rbi_char_offset":24320,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p10","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-f082c391","page_group":"Chapter V. Regulatory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Ozone-linked financing ban","plain_english":"A bank cannot finance new units that consume or produce ozone depleting substances.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 43","rbi_char_offset":31804,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p11","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-72a0e3be","page_group":"Chapter V. Regulatory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Related-party materiality cap","plain_english":"Loans to related parties must follow a materiality threshold set in the credit policy, capped by RBI ceilings.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 23(4)","rbi_char_offset":28217,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p12","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13153-1d3efd1d","page_group":"Chapter V. Regulatory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Board approval threshold","plain_english":"Loans above the materiality threshold must be sanctioned by the Board or a related-party lending committee.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 23(4)","rbi_char_offset":28747,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p13","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md13153-881faba4","page_group":"Chapter V. Regulatory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Recusal rule","plain_english":"Directors and key staff must recuse themselves from decisions on loans involving themselves or their related parties.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 23(4)","rbi_char_offset":29129,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p14","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md13153-47c36e31","page_group":"Chapter V. Regulatory Restrictions","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Quarterly internal audit","plain_english":"Internal auditors must review related-party loans at least once every quarter.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 23(4)","rbi_char_offset":29971,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Audit","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p15","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md13153-cc3f2a7d","page_group":"Chapter V. Regulatory Restrictions","stored_section":"IMPACT","heading":"Penalties for breach","plain_english":"Breaking or dodging these rules can bring monetary penalties, forced provisioning, or forensic audits.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 23(4)","rbi_char_offset":31441,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Audit","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p16","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-0f577637","page_group":"Chapter VII. Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE)","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Unhedged forex exposure","plain_english":"Banks must assess borrowers' unhedged foreign currency exposure and hold extra provisioning and capital against it.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 56","rbi_char_offset":38139,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p17","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-a460e440","page_group":"Chapter VII. Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE)","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"75% EBID trigger","plain_english":"Borrowers whose potential forex loss tops 75% of EBID trigger 80 basis points extra provisioning and a higher risk weight.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 58(3)","rbi_char_offset":41729,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p18","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-ab6bfba9","page_group":"Chapter VIII. Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) for Borrowers","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"LEI code requirement","plain_english":"Non-individual borrowers with total exposure of 5 crore rupees or more must obtain a Legal Entity Identifier code.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 64","rbi_char_offset":48395,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"A company borrows ₹7 crore across banks. That is ₹5 crore and above, so it must get a Legal Entity Identifier code. A company borrowing ₹3 crore need not.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p19","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-b9601859","page_group":"Chapter VIII. Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) for Borrowers","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"No LEI, no loan","plain_english":"Borrowers who fail to obtain an LEI code cannot get new, renewed or enhanced exposure.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 65","rbi_char_offset":49295,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p20","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-1cc7d30d","page_group":"Chapter IX. Valuation of Properties - Empanelment of Valuers","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Dual valuation rule","plain_english":"A bank must obtain at least two independent valuation reports for properties worth 50 crore rupees or more.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 70(3)","rbi_char_offset":51175,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"A property valued at ₹65 crore needs two independent valuation reports. That is because it is ₹50 crore or above. A property valued at ₹30 crore is below ₹50 crore, so this rule does not apply.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p21","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-ec532167","page_group":"Chapter IX. Valuation of Properties - Empanelment of Valuers","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Valuer independence","plain_english":"Property valuation must be done by independent valuers with no direct or indirect interest.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 70(2)","rbi_char_offset":51116,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p22","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-84ec1646","page_group":"Chapter X. Filing of Security Interest relating to Immovable (other than equitable mortgage), Movable, and Intangible Assets in CERSAI","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"CERSAI filing duty","plain_english":"Banks must keep filing every security interest transaction with the CERSAI registry on an ongoing basis.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 77","rbi_char_offset":56000,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p23","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-ffc1b28f","page_group":"Chapter XIA. Maintenance of Cash Credit Accounts, Current Accounts and Overdraft Accounts by Banks","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Small-exposure current accounts","plain_english":"A bank may freely run a current or OD account when banking-system exposure to the customer is under 10 crore rupees.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 77","rbi_char_offset":57164,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Technology","team":null,"products_covered":["deposit-account"],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"A customer's borrowing across the banking system is ₹6 crore. That is less than ₹10 crore, so any bank may run its current account without restriction. At ₹12 crore the restrictions apply.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p24","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-65c2889d","page_group":"Chapter XIA. Maintenance of Cash Credit Accounts, Current Accounts and Overdraft Accounts by Banks","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"10 percent exposure share","plain_english":"A lender must hold at least a 10 per cent share of the system's exposure to the borrower.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 77(1)","rbi_char_offset":58086,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Technology","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"A lender must hold at least a 10 per cent share of the system's exposure to that borrower. Suppose the system's exposure is ₹500 crore. Then a share of ₹50 crore meets it, and ₹40 crore does not.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p25","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13153-4a63fe38","page_group":"Chapter XIA. Maintenance of Cash Credit Accounts, Current Accounts and Overdraft Accounts by Banks","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Two-day sweep rule","plain_english":"Money reaching a collection account must move on within two working days of receipt.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 77(1)","rbi_char_offset":59794,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p26","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-89ea1001","page_group":"Chapter XII. Loan System for Delivery of Bank Credit","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Loan component rule","plain_english":"The loan component must be at least 60 per cent of the sanctioned working capital limit.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 92(1)","rbi_char_offset":66327,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":["working-capital"],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"The loan component must be at least 60 per cent of the sanctioned working capital limit. Suppose the limit is ₹100 crore. Then ₹60 crore is a loan and the rest may be cash credit.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p27","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13153-954db240","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Older rules repealed","plain_english":"This document repeals all earlier RBI credit risk management instructions for commercial banks.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 93","rbi_char_offset":68810,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p28","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13153-5972649e","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Older rules cancelled","plain_english":"This document cancels the earlier conduct rules for these institutions.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 93","rbi_char_offset":68966,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p29","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13153-5b58d0f9","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Earlier repeals stand","plain_english":"Guidelines already repealed before these Directions stay repealed.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 93","rbi_char_offset":69039,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p30","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md13153-8334d341","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Old rules stay repealed","plain_english":"Rules repealed before this document was issued remain repealed.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 93","rbi_char_offset":69097,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p31","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md13153-7fbea917","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Old actions preserved","plain_english":"Anything already done under the old rules stays governed by those old rules.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 94","rbi_char_offset":69228,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p32","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md13153-ae84b68d","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"WHAT IT REPLACES","heading":"Approvals carried over","plain_english":"Approvals given under the cancelled rules are now treated as given under these rules.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 94","rbi_char_offset":69418,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p33","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":7,"claim":"md13153-cb5408f8","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"IMPACT","heading":"Other laws still apply","plain_english":"These Directions add to other laws. They do not replace any of them.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 95","rbi_char_offset":70298,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p34","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":8,"claim":"md13153-4bb37a7e","page_group":"Chapter XIII. Repeal and other provisions","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"RBI's reading final","plain_english":"RBI's interpretation of any part of these Directions is final and binding.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 96","rbi_char_offset":70758,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13153#p35","layer":"bankpulse"}],"actions":[],"amendments":[{"id":"nt13217","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Risk Management) – Amendment Directions, 2025","date":"Dec 11, 2025","rbi_url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13217&Mode=0","order":1,"layer":"rbi_source"},{"id":"nt13249","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Risk Management) – Amendment Directions, 2026","date":"Jan 05, 2026","rbi_url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13249&Mode=0","order":2,"layer":"rbi_source"},{"id":"nt13397","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Risk Management) - Second Amendment Directions, 2026","date":"Apr 27, 2026","rbi_url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13397&Mode=0","order":3,"layer":"rbi_source"},{"id":"nt13413","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Risk Management) Third Amendment Directions, 2026","date":"Apr 29, 2026","rbi_url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13413&Mode=0","order":4,"layer":"rbi_source"}],"layers":{"rbi_source":"Facts taken from RBI's own document.","bankpulse":"BankPulse's plain-English summary of RBI's document.","bankpulse_inference":"BankPulse's own inference, not stated by RBI."},"rbi_wording_not_included":"By design. BankPulse never republishes RBI's exact sentences. Use rbi_paragraph with rbi_source.url to read RBI's own words.","terms":"BankPulse's plain-English summaries are BankPulse's own work. The underlying regulation is the Reserve Bank of India's. Always check the RBI document named in rbi_source before acting."}