{"what_this_is":"The machine-readable twin of the BankPulse page for one RBI rulebook. Same points, same dates, same paragraph references as the page a person reads. RBI's own wording is not reproduced here: each point names the RBI paragraph, the character offset into the text BankPulse read and the sha256 of that text, so the claim can be checked against RBI's own document.","schema_version":1,"release_id":"d653cdb0a5","generated_at":"2026-09-15T00:33:59.117975+00:00","id":"md13602","title":"Reserve Bank of India (Rural Co-operative Banks – Fraud Risk Management) Directions, 2026","document_kind":"Directions","page":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602","status":"In force","importance":{"code":"MR","label":"MUST READ","weight":"Must read","why":"Binding RBI Directions naming this institution class in the title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"applies_to":{"shown":"Rural co-operative banks","class_code":"RURAL_COOP","from":"the document's own title","layer":"bankpulse_inference"},"dates":{"prid":"md13602","mode":"four_dates_v1","published":{"label":"Published","value":"Jul 31, 2026","stated":true,"why":"The day RBI put this document out."},"effective":{"label":"Starts to apply","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Not stated separately in this document. Read the rule itself before you assume a start date."},"transition":{"label":"Time to get ready","value":"","stated":false,"why":"Cannot be worked out until the day it starts to apply is known."},"deadline":{"label":"Last date to act","value":"","stated":false,"why":"No date to act by was found in this document. Other dates may sit inside single paragraphs."},"sources":{"published":"doc_date in data/highlights/md13602.json","effective":"none held","transition":"none held","deadline":"none held"}},"rbi_source":{"url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasDirections.aspx?id=13602","document_date":"Jul 31, 2026","read_by_bankpulse":"2026-08-21 16:25:39 UTC","text_sha256":"e42d39e3d527aee83bb11de9dd5ce6d4328fe2c4986f0466fc8aaa926e1d6b42","word_count":4204,"standing_last_checked":"Standing checked on RBI’s Master Directions index, 15 September 2026, 5:58 am IST."},"counts":{"points_shown":35,"points_naming_an_rbi_paragraph":35,"points_stored":35,"actions":0,"amendments":0},"points":[{"n":1,"claim":"md13602-28122d27","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Fraud rules for RCBs","plain_english":"This paper sets how rural co-operative banks must handle fraud.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 1","rbi_char_offset":4250,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p1","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13602-0e747d72","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Start date","plain_english":"These Directions came into effect immediately upon issuance.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 2","rbi_char_offset":4392,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"There is no gap here between issue and effect. The Directions come into effect immediately upon issuance. A bank cannot wait for a separate start date, because there is none.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p2","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13602-8a8f8793","page_group":"Chapter I. Preliminary","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"Who is covered","plain_english":"These Directions apply to every rural co-operative bank.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 3","rbi_char_offset":4462,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p3","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13602-e0d78cc8","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Twenty-one days to reply","plain_english":"The notice must give the person at least 21 days to reply.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(2)","rbi_char_offset":7122,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":"Suppose the notice is served on 1 September. The person must be given at least 21 days to reply, so the reply is due no earlier than 22 September. A notice allowing 14 days would fall short.","anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p4","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13602-47cb86cb","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Review it every three years","plain_english":"The Board must look at the fraud policy at least once in three years.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 7","rbi_char_offset":8335,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p5","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13602-2ac2068c","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"A Board policy on fraud","plain_english":"The Board must approve a fraud risk policy setting out who does what.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5","rbi_char_offset":5714,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p6","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md13602-b624b55e","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"What the policy covers","plain_english":"The policy must cover prevention, early catching, enquiry, staff responsibility, watching, recovery and reporting of frauds.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 5","rbi_char_offset":5898,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p7","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md13602-d49991a8","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Give the full grounds","plain_english":"The notice must set out every transaction and event the fraud finding rests on.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(1)","rbi_char_offset":6647,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p8","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md13602-f4582f7a","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"A reasoned order, served","plain_english":"A reasoned order must be served, setting out the facts, the reply and the reasons.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(4)","rbi_char_offset":7450,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p9","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":7,"claim":"md13602-32a377ee","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"It reviews every case","plain_english":"That committee must review fraud cases, find the root cause and suggest fixes.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 8(2)","rbi_char_offset":9557,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p10","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":8,"claim":"md13602-599b74fd","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Board sets the money line","plain_english":"The Board decides the size of fraud case that must go to that committee.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 8(3)","rbi_char_offset":10114,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p11","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":9,"claim":"md13602-df46e0e1","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Senior staff run the policy","plain_english":"Senior management must put the Board's fraud policy into practice.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9","rbi_char_offset":10300,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p12","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":10,"claim":"md13602-d5169b05","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"KEY DATES","heading":"Report cases upward","plain_english":"Senior management must place a regular review of frauds before the Board or its audit committee.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 9","rbi_char_offset":10454,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p13","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":11,"claim":"md13602-d065bcc0","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Take whistle blowers seriously","plain_english":"Whistle blower complaints about possible fraud must be examined and closed properly.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 10","rbi_char_offset":10633,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p14","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":12,"claim":"md13602-098f0ea0","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"A team for fraud risk","plain_english":"A proper unit for fraud risk must sit inside the wider risk function.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 11","rbi_char_offset":10823,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p15","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":13,"claim":"md13602-921f4b99","page_group":"Chapter II. Governance and Oversight","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Weigh the outside director","plain_english":"A nominee or independent director is normally not in charge of the business, and that counts.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 6(1)","rbi_char_offset":6891,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p16","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13602-c3ee7a63","page_group":"Chapter III. Framework for Early Warning Signals for Detection of Frauds","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Test the framework","plain_english":"The warning framework must be validated so its results stay sound and steady.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 15","rbi_char_offset":12321,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p17","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13602-abd8e9dc","page_group":"Chapter III. Framework for Early Warning Signals for Detection of Frauds","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Both kinds of signal","plain_english":"The warning system must use both numbers and judgement to be of use.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 18","rbi_char_offset":13092,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Technology","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p18","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13602-311faedc","page_group":"Chapter III. Framework for Early Warning Signals for Detection of Frauds","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Test the system often","plain_english":"The warning system must be tested from time to time to see that it works.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 20","rbi_char_offset":14104,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Technology","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p19","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md13602-35a79452","page_group":"Chapter III. Framework for Early Warning Signals for Detection of Frauds","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Watch mule accounts","plain_english":"Accounts that fail KYC and money mule accounts must be watched closely.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 21","rbi_char_offset":14664,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p20","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13602-7043349e","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"They must leave the room","plain_english":"Such executives must not sit in the meeting where their own conduct is weighed.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 32","rbi_char_offset":18428,"weight":"MUST KNOW","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p21","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":2,"claim":"md13602-2026d651","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Put the deadline in writing","plain_english":"The auditor's contract must fix a time to finish the audit and hand in the report.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 25","rbi_char_offset":16012,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Audit","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p22","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":3,"claim":"md13602-1344fdcd","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Put the audit in writing","plain_english":"The loan agreement must allow such an audit once the account is red flagged.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 26","rbi_char_offset":16176,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Audit","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p23","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":4,"claim":"md13602-b7625657","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Settle staff responsibility in time","plain_english":"Staff accountability must be examined and finished within a set time in every fraud case.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 31","rbi_char_offset":18049,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p24","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":5,"claim":"md13602-0f5dca11","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"A policy for outside auditors","plain_english":"A policy is needed on hiring outside auditors, covering their record and fitness.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 25","rbi_char_offset":15777,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Audit","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p25","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":6,"claim":"md13602-302b62cd","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Hear before you brand","plain_english":"Natural justice must be followed strictly before any account is called a fraud.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 26","rbi_char_offset":16605,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p26","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":7,"claim":"md13602-b0bc6edd","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Group accounts get checked","plain_english":"Where one account is a fraud, group companies sharing a promoter are examined too.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 28","rbi_char_offset":17039,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p27","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":8,"claim":"md13602-b11cc641","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"The audit committee judges seniors","plain_english":"Where very senior executives are involved, the audit committee examines their part.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 32","rbi_char_offset":18326,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Audit","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p28","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":9,"claim":"md13602-bb280f73","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHO IT APPLIES TO","heading":"A person pulls firms in","plain_english":"Every firm a named person promotes or directs is treated as tied to him.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 33(2)","rbi_char_offset":19490,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p29","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":10,"claim":"md13602-46403ef0","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"THE CORE IDEA","heading":"Lending after is a choice","plain_english":"After the bar ends, whether to lend again is the lender's own commercial call.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 34","rbi_char_offset":19608,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p30","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":11,"claim":"md13602-2d337dd7","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"New owner, bar lifts","plain_english":"The bar stops applying to a firm once a rescue plan under the insolvency code is in place.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 36","rbi_char_offset":20661,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p31","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":12,"claim":"md13602-1617d8a9","page_group":"Chapter IV. General Instructions","stored_section":"WHAT CHANGES","heading":"Not for the old owner","plain_english":"The bar stays on the old promoters and directors who ran the firm.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 37","rbi_char_offset":20904,"weight":"BACKGROUND","role":"Board","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p32","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13602-04111d0d","page_group":"Chapter V. Reporting of Frauds to Law Enforcement Agencies","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Name a police contact","plain_english":"A nodal officer must be named to report frauds to the law enforcement agencies.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 39","rbi_char_offset":21301,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Compliance","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p33","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13602-1f7dadcb","page_group":"Chapter VII. Cheque Related Frauds - Reporting to Law Enforcement Agencies and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Hand over the instrument","plain_english":"In a forged instrument case the presenting bank must hand the paper to the paying bank on demand.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 41","rbi_char_offset":22137,"weight":"DO IT","role":"All staff","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p34","layer":"bankpulse"},{"n":1,"claim":"md13602-0f4699bc","page_group":"Chapter VIII. Other Instructions","stored_section":"WHO SHOULD ACT","heading":"Investigate before you sell","plain_english":"A loan account must be investigated for fraud before it is sold to another lender.","rbi_paragraph":"Para 44","rbi_char_offset":23437,"weight":"DO IT","role":"Branch","team":null,"products_covered":[],"products_excluded":[],"bankpulse_example":null,"anchor":"https://bankpulse.ai/rule/md13602#p35","layer":"bankpulse"}],"actions":[],"amendments":[],"layers":{"rbi_source":"Facts taken from RBI's own document.","bankpulse":"BankPulse's plain-English summary of RBI's document.","bankpulse_inference":"BankPulse's own inference, not stated by RBI."},"rbi_wording_not_included":"By design. BankPulse never republishes RBI's exact sentences. Use rbi_paragraph with rbi_source.url to read RBI's own words.","terms":"BankPulse's plain-English summaries are BankPulse's own work. The underlying regulation is the Reserve Bank of India's. Always check the RBI document named in rbi_source before acting."}