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Fraud Classification and Reporting Master Circular 2012

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Issued by RBI: 02 Jul 2012  ·  Decoded by BankPulse: 20 Jun 2026, 01:41 IST
⏱ ~2 min read
📄 Official RBI source ↗
Quick answerRBI issued an updated Master Circular on fraud classification and reporting for scheduled commercial banks (excluding RRBs) and select financial institutions, consolidating all instructions issued since July 2011, effective June 30, 2012.

What changed

The Master Circular consolidates and updates all fraud-related instructions issued during the year since the previous circular dated July 1, 2011, including clarifications provided by RBI. It is updated as of June 30, 2012, and replaces the earlier circular.

What it means for you

Banks must adopt the updated reporting system for frauds, including classification thresholds (e.g., Rs. 1 lakh and above, Rs. 100 lakh and above) and quarterly returns (FMR-1 to FMR-4). The circular emphasizes fraud prevention, timely reporting, and board-level oversight, with CEOs and audit committees owning the fraud risk management function.

What you must do

Who it affects

All Scheduled Commercial Banks (excluding RRBs), All India Select Financial Institutions, Bank CEOs and Chairmen, Audit Committees and Special Committees of the Board, Fraud monitoring and investigation teams

What is the key update in this Master Circular compared to the previous one?

This circular consolidates all fraud-related instructions issued since July 1, 2011, including clarifications, and is updated as of June 30, 2012, replacing the earlier circular.

What are the reporting thresholds for frauds to RBI?

Frauds involving Rs. 1 lakh and above must be reported, with specific procedures for those involving Rs. 100 lakh and above, including reporting to the Special Committee of the Board.

Who is responsible for fraud risk management in banks?

The CEO, Audit Committee of the Board, and Special Committee of the Board own the fraud risk management, monitoring, and investigation function, especially for large-value frauds.

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AI-drafted · 3-model AI consensus fact-check · under the editorial review of Vikram Jain · decoded & published by BankPulse · 20 Jun 2026, 01:41 IST
Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=7381&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by Vikram Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; never reproduces RBI text verbatim.