ESOP Liberalisation for Overseas Direct Investment
No longer current — withdrawn, no replacement on file yet
Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2004-05/360 · issued 09 Feb 2005 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI has liberalised ESOP rules: Indian employees/directors of an Indian office, branch, or subsidiary of a foreign company, or of an Indian company with ≥51% foreign equity, can now buy parent company shares without prior RBI approval, even if the foreign company holds indirectly via an SPV or step-down subsidiary.
What changed
Previously, if a foreign company held its Indian investment through a holding company or SPV, employees needed case-by-case RBI approval to buy ESOP shares of the ultimate parent. Now, no prior permission is required as long as the foreign company's indirect holding in the Indian entity is at least 51%.
What it means for you
Banks can process ESOP remittances for eligible employees without seeking RBI approval for indirect holding structures. This reduces compliance burden and speeds up transactions for MNCs with layered ownership. Lenders must verify the 51% threshold through corporate documents before allowing remittances.
Historical instruction — do not use for current compliance. This is what was required at the time; it no longer reflects current RBI requirements. If no replacement rule is linked above, that only means none is recorded on our register yet — it does not prove no later applicable rule exists. Confirm on the official RBI source below.
What banks were required to do at the time
Update internal ESOP processing guidelines to allow remittances without RBI approval for indirect holdings meeting the 51% threshold.
Train staff to verify the foreign company's indirect shareholding percentage using audited financials or holding statements.
Advise corporate clients with SPV structures that prior RBI permission is no longer needed for ESOP purchases.
Maintain records of ESOP transactions for regulatory reporting under FEMA.
Who it affects
Authorised Dealer banks handling outward remittances, Indian employees/directors of Indian offices/branches/subsidiaries of foreign companies or Indian companies with foreign equity ≥51% held directly or indirectly via SPVs or step-down subsidiaries
❓ Common questions
Regulatory timeline
Decoded by BankPulse2026-06-19 21:20 IST
Status change: withdrawn05 Aug 2026, 04:00 IST
Built from our lineage records — each fact carries its provenance; missing history simply is not shown (never guessed).
Does this circular apply to all ESOPs or only those from foreign companies with indirect holdings?
It specifically liberalises ESOPs where the foreign company holds its Indian investment indirectly through an SPV or step-down subsidiary. For direct holdings, the existing rules under Regulation 22 of FEMA 19/2000 continue.
What documentation do we need to verify the 51% indirect holding?
Banks should obtain a certificate from the Indian company's statutory auditor or a board resolution confirming the foreign company's indirect equity stake is at least 51%.
Are there any reporting requirements after processing such ESOP remittances?
Yes, banks must report these transactions under the existing FEMA reporting framework for overseas direct investment, as specified in the relevant AP DIR circulars.
📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2004-05/360
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 32 February 09, 2005
To
All Banks Authorised to Deal in Foreign Exchange
Madam / Sirs,
Overseas Direct Investment – Liberalisation
Notification No.FEMA.120/2004-RB dated July 7, 2004
Employees Stock Option Scheme (ESOP)
This circular deals with two issues. The first one relates to the issue of notification which incorporates all amendments relating to overseas investment. The second one is a liberalisation in the ESOP scheme. The details are given below :
2. Notification No.FEMA.120/2004-RB dated July 7, 2004
Attention of the Authorised Dealer banks is invited to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Any Foreign Security) Regulations, 2000, Notification No.FEMA.19/2000-RB dated May 3, 2000 , notified vide G.S.R.No.456(E) dated May 8, 2000, in Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (1) of the Official Gazette by Government of India. Thereafter, various liberalisation and simplification measures were introduced through A.P. (Dir Series) Circulars and respective amendments to FEMA.19/2000-RB were also notified. In order to consolidate all these amendments, Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Any Foreign Security) (Amendment), Regulations, 2004, Notification No.FEMA.120/2004-RB dated July 7, 2004 was notified vide G.S.R.No.757(E) dated November 19, 2004, superseding the original Notification by incorporating all the amendments done so far. The gazetted copy of the Notification No.120/2004-RB dated July 7, 2004 is enclosed.
3. Employees Stock Option Scheme (ESOP)
In terms of sub-regulation (2) of Regulation (22) of the Notification, ibid, a person resident in India, being an individual, who is an employee or a director of an Indian Office; or branch or a subsidiary of a foreign company in India; or of an Indian company in which foreign equity holding is not less 51 per cent, may purchase the equity shares offered by the said foreign company. In cases where investment in India has been made through a holding company/Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), permission for holding the shares of the ultimate parent company, or subsidiary, or group company as the case may be, is presently accorded by the Reserve Bank on a case to case basis.
With a view to further liberalising overseas investment, it has now been decided that even in cases where the foreign company offering its shares under ESOP and has an indirect shareholding in the Indian company, i.e., through a Special Purpose Vehicle or a step down subsidiary, no prior permission of the Reserve Bank is required, as long as such holding is not less than 51 per cent.
4.Necessary amendments to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Any Foreign Security) (Amendment), Regulations, 2004 are being issued separately.
5. Authorised Dealer Banks may bring the contents of this circular to the notice of their constituents and customers.
6. The direction contained in this circular has been issued under sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 (42 of 1999) and is without prejudice to permissions / approvals, if any, required under any other law.
Yours faithfully
F.R. Joseph
Chief General Manager
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2004-05/360 · issued 09 Feb 2005. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
Discuss this circular with fellow bankers — reply, upvote what helps, report what doesn’t belong. Be professional; no client data. Views are the commenter’s own, not BankPulse’s.
BankPulse Compliance Evidence Pack — generated 05 Aug 2026 · status cross-checked against RBI’s official withdrawal register (refreshed weekly). Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=2124&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
Help us keep this accurate
Found an inaccuracy or have an improvement? Tell us. Every report is reviewed by our team before any change is made — nothing goes live unverified.
Public beta — plain-English informational summaries. Always verify against the official RBI source (circular number cited on every page) before making compliance, credit, treasury, audit, or operational decisions. · Join our WhatsApp channel ↗
BANKPULSE · FREE DAILY BRIEF
Get RBI updates for your role
Every important RBI update, decoded in plain English — for your career, exams & financial awareness.
We collect only your email, name and role, used solely to send your brief — never sold or shared. Withdraw anytime via the unsubscribe link in any email. Independent platform, not affiliated with the RBI. Information, not legal advice.
REPORT AN ERROR · BETA
Spotted an error? Earn 500 BankPulse Credits
Help us stay accurate. If your correction is verified true and approved by our founder, you earn 500 BankPulse Credits — redeemable when the platform monetises.
Reviewed by a human before any credit is awarded. We never change the site from crowd input without verification.
WANT A NEW FEATURE · BETA
What would make BankPulse more useful for you?
Tell us what to build next — a tool, a data view, a role page, anything. We read every suggestion.
Thank you — your ideas directly shape what we build.