HomeCirculars › RBI/2005-06/203

FDI and FII Investment Rules for Asset Reconstruction Companies (2005)

No longer current — replaced by Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Asset Reconstruction Companies) Directions, 2024
Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/203 · issued 11 Nov 2005 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI now permits eligible FDI entities (excluding FIIs) to invest up to 49% in ARC equity, with FIPB approval. FIIs can invest up to 49% per tranche of Security Receipts, capped at 10% per FII per tranche. Policy review in 2 years for FDI, 1 year for FIIs.

What changed

RBI allowed FDI in ARC equity up to 49% for eligible entities (excluding FIIs) via FIPB route, with a 10% individual cap triggering SARFAESI compliance. Separately, FIIs got general permission to invest in ARC-issued Security Receipts up to 49% per tranche, with a 10% per-FII limit per tranche.

What it means for you

Banks and lenders can now attract foreign capital into ARCs for faster NPA resolution, but must ensure ARC equity stays within 49% foreign holding. FII participation in Security Receipts provides a new liquidity channel for stressed assets, though individual FII exposure is capped. The two-year review clause signals RBI's cautious approach to foreign involvement in asset reconstruction.

Historical instruction — do not use for current compliance. This is what was required at the time; it no longer reflects current RBI requirements. If no replacement rule is linked above, that only means none is recorded on our register yet — it does not prove no later applicable rule exists. Confirm on the official RBI source below.

What banks were required to do at the time

Who it affects

Authorised Dealer banks handling foreign exchange, Asset Reconstruction Companies registered with RBI, Foreign investors eligible under FDI route (excluding FIIs), Foreign Institutional Investors registered with SEBI, Lenders and borrowers involved in NPA resolution via ARCs

❓ Common questions

Regulatory timeline

Built from our lineage records — each fact carries its provenance; missing history simply is not shown (never guessed).

Can FIIs invest directly in ARC equity under this circular?

No, FIIs are explicitly excluded from FDI in ARC equity. They can only invest in Security Receipts issued by ARCs, subject to the 49% per tranche and 10% per FII limits.

What happens if an individual FDI entity invests more than 10% in an ARC?

The ARC must comply with Section 3(3)(f) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002, which likely imposes additional regulatory conditions. The circular does not specify further details.

Is there a sunset clause on these investment rules?

Yes, the FDI policy in ARCs will be reviewed after two years, and the FII investment in Security Receipts after one year from the circular date (November 11, 2005).

📜 This document’s life story (1 recorded event, each backed by RBI’s own words)
Superseded by Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Asset Reconstruction Companies) Direct
📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2005-06/203 A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.16 November 11, 2005 To All Banks Authorised to Deal in Foreign Exchange Madam/Sir, Foreign Investments in Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC) Attention of Authorized Dealers is invited to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified by the Reserve Bank of India vide Notification No.20 dated 3 rd May 2000 as amended from time to time. 2. Foreign Direct Investments in Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) In consultation with Government of India, it has been decided to permit persons/ entities eligible under the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) route, other than FIIs to invest in the equity capital of Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs)registered with the Reserve Bank of India. A copy of the press release dated November 8, 2005 issued by the Government is enclosed. It is clarified that in the ARCs, only Foreign Direct Investment will be permitted. However, investments by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) will not be permitted. Accordingly, Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) would henceforth consider applications from eligible persons/entities under the FDI route to invest in the paid up equity capital of Asset Reconstruction Companies which are registered with the Reserve Bank of India subject to the following conditions: a. Maximum foreign equity shall not exceed 49% of the paid up equity capital of the ARC. b. Where investment by any individual entity exceeds 10% of the paid up equity capital, ARC should comply with the provisions of Section 3(3) (f) of Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act). 3. Investments in Security Receipts issued by ARCs It has also been decided to grant general permission to Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to invest in Security Receipts (SRs) issued by Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) registered with RBI. FIIs can invest upto 49 per cent of each tranche of scheme of Security Receipts subject to condition that investment of a single FII in each tranche of scheme of SRs shall not exceed 10 per cent of the issue. 4.The policy on FDI in ARCs would be subject to review after two years and that of FII investment in SRs would be reviewed after one year. 5. Necessary amendments to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) are being issued separately. 6. Authorised Dealer banks may bring the contents of this circular to the notice of their constituents and customers concerned. 7. The direction contained in this circular has been issued under sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999) and is without prejudice to permissions/approvals, if any, required under any other law. Yours faithfully, (Vinay Baijal) Chief General Manager
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/203 · issued 11 Nov 2005. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
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Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=2613&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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