FDI and FII Investment Rules for Asset Reconstruction Companies (2005)
No longer current — replaced by Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Asset Reconstruction Companies) Directions, 2024
Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/203 · issued 11 Nov 2005 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI now permits eligible FDI entities (excluding FIIs) to invest up to 49% in ARC equity, with FIPB approval. FIIs can invest up to 49% per tranche of Security Receipts, capped at 10% per FII per tranche. Policy review in 2 years for FDI, 1 year for FIIs.
What changed
RBI allowed FDI in ARC equity up to 49% for eligible entities (excluding FIIs) via FIPB route, with a 10% individual cap triggering SARFAESI compliance. Separately, FIIs got general permission to invest in ARC-issued Security Receipts up to 49% per tranche, with a 10% per-FII limit per tranche.
What it means for you
Banks and lenders can now attract foreign capital into ARCs for faster NPA resolution, but must ensure ARC equity stays within 49% foreign holding. FII participation in Security Receipts provides a new liquidity channel for stressed assets, though individual FII exposure is capped. The two-year review clause signals RBI's cautious approach to foreign involvement in asset reconstruction.
Historical instruction — do not use for current compliance. This is what was required at the time; it no longer reflects current RBI requirements. If no replacement rule is linked above, that only means none is recorded on our register yet — it does not prove no later applicable rule exists. Confirm on the official RBI source below.
What banks were required to do at the time
Verify that any FDI in ARC equity does not exceed 49% of paid-up capital and that individual investments above 10% comply with SARFAESI Section 3(3)(f).
Ensure FII investments in Security Receipts per tranche stay within 49% aggregate and 10% per FII limit.
Advise ARC clients to route FDI applications through FIPB and maintain compliance with FEMA regulations.
Monitor policy review timelines (2 years for FDI, 1 year for FII) for potential changes.
Who it affects
Authorised Dealer banks handling foreign exchange, Asset Reconstruction Companies registered with RBI, Foreign investors eligible under FDI route (excluding FIIs), Foreign Institutional Investors registered with SEBI, Lenders and borrowers involved in NPA resolution via ARCs
❓ Common questions
Regulatory timeline
Decoded by BankPulse2026-06-19 19:37 IST
Superseded by — Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Asset Reconstruction Companies) Directions, 2024
Status change: superseded10 Jul 2026, 04:02 IST
Built from our lineage records — each fact carries its provenance; missing history simply is not shown (never guessed).
Can FIIs invest directly in ARC equity under this circular?
No, FIIs are explicitly excluded from FDI in ARC equity. They can only invest in Security Receipts issued by ARCs, subject to the 49% per tranche and 10% per FII limits.
What happens if an individual FDI entity invests more than 10% in an ARC?
The ARC must comply with Section 3(3)(f) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002, which likely imposes additional regulatory conditions. The circular does not specify further details.
Is there a sunset clause on these investment rules?
Yes, the FDI policy in ARCs will be reviewed after two years, and the FII investment in Security Receipts after one year from the circular date (November 11, 2005).
📜 This document’s life story (1 recorded event, each backed by RBI’s own words)
Superseded byMaster Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Asset Reconstruction Companies) Direct
📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2005-06/203
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.16
November 11, 2005
To
All Banks Authorised to Deal in Foreign Exchange
Madam/Sir,
Foreign Investments in Asset Reconstruction Companies
(ARC)
Attention of Authorized Dealers is invited to
the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident
outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified by the Reserve Bank of India vide
Notification No.20 dated 3 rd May 2000 as amended from time to time.
2. Foreign Direct Investments in Asset Reconstruction Companies
(ARCs)
In consultation with Government of India, it
has been decided to permit persons/ entities eligible under the Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) route, other than FIIs to invest in the equity capital
of Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs)registered with the Reserve Bank of
India. A copy of the press release dated November 8, 2005 issued by the Government
is enclosed.
It is clarified that in the ARCs, only Foreign
Direct Investment will be permitted. However, investments by Foreign Institutional
Investors (FIIs) will not be permitted.
Accordingly, Foreign Investment Promotion Board
(FIPB) would henceforth consider applications from eligible persons/entities
under the FDI route to invest in the paid up equity capital of Asset Reconstruction
Companies which are registered with the Reserve Bank of India subject to the
following conditions:
a. Maximum foreign equity shall not exceed
49% of the paid up equity capital of the ARC.
b. Where investment by any individual
entity exceeds 10% of the paid up equity capital, ARC should comply with the
provisions of Section 3(3) (f) of Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial
Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act).
3. Investments in Security Receipts issued by
ARCs
It has also been decided to grant general permission
to Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with Securities and Exchange
Board of India (SEBI) to invest in Security Receipts (SRs) issued by Asset Reconstruction
Companies (ARCs) registered with RBI. FIIs can invest upto 49 per cent of each
tranche of scheme of Security Receipts subject to condition that investment
of a single FII in each tranche of scheme of SRs shall not exceed 10 per cent
of the issue.
4.The policy on FDI in ARCs would be subject
to review after two years and that of FII investment in SRs would be reviewed
after one year.
5. Necessary amendments to the Foreign Exchange
Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India)
are being issued separately.
6. Authorised Dealer banks may bring the contents
of this circular to the notice of their constituents and customers concerned.
7. The direction contained in this circular
has been issued under sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management
Act, 1999 (42 of 1999) and is without prejudice to permissions/approvals, if
any, required under any other law.
Yours faithfully,
(Vinay Baijal)
Chief General Manager
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/203 · issued 11 Nov 2005. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
Discuss this circular with fellow bankers — reply, upvote what helps, report what doesn’t belong. Be professional; no client data. Views are the commenter’s own, not BankPulse’s.
BankPulse Compliance Evidence Pack — generated 05 Aug 2026 · status cross-checked against RBI’s official withdrawal register (refreshed weekly). Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=2613&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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