RBI Allows FIIs and NRIs to Invest in Bank Tier I and Tier II Capital Instruments
Current · Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/289 · issued 25 Jan 2006 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI now permits FIIs and NRIs to subscribe to banks' perpetual debt (Tier I) and debt capital (upper Tier II) instruments. FIIs face a 49% aggregate and 10% individual cap per Tier I issue; NRIs have a 24% aggregate and 5% individual cap. Tier II investments follow SEBI and existing NRI debt norms.
The rule, in the simplest words
Banks can now allow FIIs and NRIs to invest in perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II debt capital instruments.
FIIs have a 49% aggregate and 10% individual cap for Tier I investments, while NRIs have a 24% aggregate and 5% individual cap.
Banks must report issue-wise details of Tier I perpetual debt raised from FIIs/NRIs to RBI within 30 days.
How it plays out — a real example
A forex & trade-finance officer in Indore, Mr. Kumar, helps a bank comply with RBI regulations by ensuring that foreign investors do not exceed the 49% aggregate and 10% individual cap for Tier I investments. He also ensures that the bank reports issue-wise details of Tier I perpetual debt raised from FIIs/NRIs to RBI within 30 days, as required by RBI.
What changed
Previously, FIIs and NRIs could only invest in specified capital market instruments under FEMA regulations. This circular explicitly allows them to subscribe to banks' perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II debt capital instruments, subject to new investment limits and reporting requirements.
What it means for you
Banks can now tap foreign investors to strengthen their capital base, especially Tier I and Tier II capital, which supports lending and regulatory compliance. The caps ensure diversified ownership and prevent excessive foreign influence. Banks must track and report these investments to RBI within 30 days of issue and ensure secondary market trades are reported via LEC returns.
What you must do
Update internal policies to allow FII and NRI subscription to perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II instruments, adhering to the specified aggregate and individual caps.
Ensure compliance with the 49% aggregate and 10% individual FII limit, and 24% aggregate and 5% individual NRI limit for each Tier I issue.
Report issue-wise details of Tier I perpetual debt raised from FIIs/NRIs to RBI within 30 days using the prescribed proforma.
Instruct custodians and designated banks to report secondary market trades in these instruments via daily LEC returns as per Schedule 2 and 3.
Coordinate with DBOD guidelines for issuing these instruments and ensure all FEMA-related amendments are incorporated.
Who it affects
All Authorised Dealer banks issuing Tier I perpetual debt or Tier II debt capital instruments, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with SEBI, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) investing in bank capital instruments, Custodians and designated banks handling secondary market trades
❓ Common questions
What are the investment limits for FIIs in Tier I perpetual debt instruments?
All FIIs together cannot hold more than 49% of each issue, and a single FII cannot exceed 10% of the issue.
Do NRIs have any specific limits for investing in Tier I perpetual debt?
Yes, aggregate NRI investment is capped at 24% of each issue, and a single NRI cannot invest more than 5% of the issue.
What reporting is required after issuing these instruments to foreign investors?
Banks must report issue-wise details (amount raised, number of investors) to RBI within 30 days. Secondary market trades must be reported daily via LEC returns by custodians and designated banks.
📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2005-06/289
A.P.( DIR Series) Circular No. 24
January 25, 2006
To
All Banks Authorised to Deal in Foreign Exchange
Madam / Sir,
Foreign Investment in Tier I and
Tier II instruments issued by banks in India
Attention of Authorized Dealer
(AD) banks is invited to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue
of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified by
the Reserve Bank of India vide Notification No.20 dated 3 rd May 2000,
as amended from time to time. Regulation 5 of the said Notification read with
Schedule 2, 3 and 5 specifies the capital market instruments which can be subscribed
to by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with Securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and by Non-Resident Indians (NRIs).
2. With a view to permit banks
in India to augment their capital through issue of Perpetual Debt instruments
eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital and Debt capital instruments as upper
Tier II capital, it has been decided to permit the following category of foreign
investors to subscribe to these instruments:
(i) Foreign Institutional
Investors (FIIs) registered with SEBI, and
(ii) Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)
3. The foreign investments in
these instruments will be subject to the following conditions.
a. The investment by all FIIs
in Perpetual Debt instruments (Tier I) should not exceed an aggregate ceiling
of 49 per cent of each issue, and investment by individual FII should not exceed
the limit of 10 per cent of each issue.
b. The investments by all NRIs
in Perpetual Debt instruments (Tier I) should not exceed an aggregate ceiling
of 24 per cent of each issue and investments by a single NRI should not exceed
5 percent of the issue.
c. The investment by FIIs in Debt
capital instruments (Tier II) shall be within the limits stipulated by SEBI
for FII investment in corporate debt.
d. Investment by NRIs in Debt capital instruments
(Tier II) shall be in accordance with the extant policy for investment by NRI
s in other debt instruments.
4. The issuing banks will be
required to ensure compliance with the conditions stipulated in paragraph 3
above at the time of issue.
5. The issue-wise details of
amount raised as Perpetual Debt Instruments qualifying for Tier I capital by
the bank from FIIs/NRIs are required to be reported within 30 days of the issue
in the annexed proforma to the Chief General Manager, Reserve
Bank of India, Foreign Exchange Department, Foreign Investment Division, Central
Office, Mumbai 400 001. The details of the secondary market sales / purchases
by FIIs and the NRIs in these instruments on the floor of the stock exchange
shall be reported by the custodians and designated banks, respectively to the
Reserve Bank of India through the soft copy of the LEC Returns, on a daily basis,
as prescribed in Schedule 2 and 3 of the Notification under reference.
6. The banks issuing Perpetual
Debt instruments and Debt capital instruments shall also comply with the guidelines
notified by the Department of Banking Operations and Development (DBOD), Reserve
Bank of India, from time to time.
7. Necessary amendments to the
Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident
outside India) Regulations are being issued separately.
8. Authorised Dealer banks may
bring the contents of this circular to the notice of their constituents and
customers concerned.
9. The directions contained
in this circular have been issued under sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign
Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999) and is without prejudice to permissions
/ approvals, if any, required under any other law.
Yours faithfully,
Vinay Baijal
Chief General Manager
Annex
Details of Investments by
FIIs and NRIs in Perpetual Debt instruments qualifying as Tier-I capital
a) Name of the bank :
b) Total issue size/ amount
raised (in Rupees) :
c) Date of issue :
FIIs
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/289 · issued 25 Jan 2006. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
Example: if you are a Compliance officer at a bank this circular applies to (All Authorised Dealer banks issuing Tier I perpetual debt or Tier II debt capital instruments, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with SEBI, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) investing in bank capital instruments, Custodians and designated banks handling secondary market trades), your first concrete step on “RBI Allows FIIs and NRIs to Invest in Bank Tier I and Tier II Capital Instruments” is: “Update internal policies to allow FII and NRI subscription to perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II instruments, adhering to the specified aggregate and individual caps.” (RBI issued this 25 Jan 2006).
Circular: RBI/2005-06/289 -- RBI Allows FIIs and NRIs to Invest in Bank Tier I and Tier II Capital Instruments
Issued: 25 Jan 2006
Action required: Update internal policies to allow FII and NRI subscription to perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II instruments, adhering to the specified aggregate and individual caps.
Action required: Ensure compliance with the 49% aggregate and 10% individual FII limit, and 24% aggregate and 5% individual NRI limit for each Tier I issue.
Action required: Report issue-wise details of Tier I perpetual debt raised from FIIs/NRIs to RBI within 30 days using the prescribed proforma.
Action required: Instruct custodians and designated banks to report secondary market trades in these instruments via daily LEC returns as per Schedule 2 and 3.
Action required: Coordinate with DBOD guidelines for issuing these instruments and ensure all FEMA-related amendments are incorporated.
Owner: ____________ Target date: ____________
Board/committee approval needed? Y / N
Evidence filed in compliance register on: ____________
Built only from this circular’s own published fields — not legal advice; always confirm against the official RBI source.
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BankPulse Compliance Evidence Pack — generated 05 Aug 2026 · status cross-checked against RBI’s official withdrawal register (refreshed weekly). Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=2717&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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