HomeCirculars › RBI/2005-06/289

RBI Allows FIIs and NRIs to Invest in Bank Tier I and Tier II Capital Instruments

Current · Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/289 · issued 25 Jan 2006 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI now permits FIIs and NRIs to subscribe to banks' perpetual debt (Tier I) and debt capital (upper Tier II) instruments. FIIs face a 49% aggregate and 10% individual cap per Tier I issue; NRIs have a 24% aggregate and 5% individual cap. Tier II investments follow SEBI and existing NRI debt norms.
The rule, in the simplest words
How it plays out — a real example

A forex & trade-finance officer in Indore, Mr. Kumar, helps a bank comply with RBI regulations by ensuring that foreign investors do not exceed the 49% aggregate and 10% individual cap for Tier I investments. He also ensures that the bank reports issue-wise details of Tier I perpetual debt raised from FIIs/NRIs to RBI within 30 days, as required by RBI.

What changed

Previously, FIIs and NRIs could only invest in specified capital market instruments under FEMA regulations. This circular explicitly allows them to subscribe to banks' perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II debt capital instruments, subject to new investment limits and reporting requirements.

What it means for you

Banks can now tap foreign investors to strengthen their capital base, especially Tier I and Tier II capital, which supports lending and regulatory compliance. The caps ensure diversified ownership and prevent excessive foreign influence. Banks must track and report these investments to RBI within 30 days of issue and ensure secondary market trades are reported via LEC returns.

What you must do

Who it affects

All Authorised Dealer banks issuing Tier I perpetual debt or Tier II debt capital instruments, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with SEBI, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) investing in bank capital instruments, Custodians and designated banks handling secondary market trades

❓ Common questions

What are the investment limits for FIIs in Tier I perpetual debt instruments?

All FIIs together cannot hold more than 49% of each issue, and a single FII cannot exceed 10% of the issue.

Do NRIs have any specific limits for investing in Tier I perpetual debt?

Yes, aggregate NRI investment is capped at 24% of each issue, and a single NRI cannot invest more than 5% of the issue.

What reporting is required after issuing these instruments to foreign investors?

Banks must report issue-wise details (amount raised, number of investors) to RBI within 30 days. Secondary market trades must be reported daily via LEC returns by custodians and designated banks.

📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2005-06/289 A.P.( DIR Series) Circular No. 24 January 25, 2006 To All Banks Authorised to Deal in Foreign Exchange Madam / Sir, Foreign Investment in Tier I and Tier II instruments issued by banks in India Attention of Authorized Dealer (AD) banks is invited to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified by the Reserve Bank of India vide Notification No.20 dated 3 rd May 2000, as amended from time to time. Regulation 5 of the said Notification read with Schedule 2, 3 and 5 specifies the capital market instruments which can be subscribed to by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and by Non-Resident Indians (NRIs). 2. With a view to permit banks in India to augment their capital through issue of Perpetual Debt instruments eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital and Debt capital instruments as upper Tier II capital, it has been decided to permit the following category of foreign investors to subscribe to these instruments: (i) Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with SEBI, and (ii) Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) 3. The foreign investments in these instruments will be subject to the following conditions. a. The investment by all FIIs in Perpetual Debt instruments (Tier I) should not exceed an aggregate ceiling of 49 per cent of each issue, and investment by individual FII should not exceed the limit of 10 per cent of each issue. b. The investments by all NRIs in Perpetual Debt instruments (Tier I) should not exceed an aggregate ceiling of 24 per cent of each issue and investments by a single NRI should not exceed 5 percent of the issue. c. The investment by FIIs in Debt capital instruments (Tier II) shall be within the limits stipulated by SEBI for FII investment in corporate debt. d. Investment by NRIs in Debt capital instruments (Tier II) shall be in accordance with the extant policy for investment by NRI s in other debt instruments. 4. The issuing banks will be required to ensure compliance with the conditions stipulated in paragraph 3 above at the time of issue. 5. The issue-wise details of amount raised as Perpetual Debt Instruments qualifying for Tier I capital by the bank from FIIs/NRIs are required to be reported within 30 days of the issue in the annexed proforma to the Chief General Manager, Reserve Bank of India, Foreign Exchange Department, Foreign Investment Division, Central Office, Mumbai 400 001. The details of the secondary market sales / purchases by FIIs and the NRIs in these instruments on the floor of the stock exchange shall be reported by the custodians and designated banks, respectively to the Reserve Bank of India through the soft copy of the LEC Returns, on a daily basis, as prescribed in Schedule 2 and 3 of the Notification under reference. 6. The banks issuing Perpetual Debt instruments and Debt capital instruments shall also comply with the guidelines notified by the Department of Banking Operations and Development (DBOD), Reserve Bank of India, from time to time. 7. Necessary amendments to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations are being issued separately. 8. Authorised Dealer banks may bring the contents of this circular to the notice of their constituents and customers concerned. 9. The directions contained in this circular have been issued under sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999) and is without prejudice to permissions / approvals, if any, required under any other law. Yours faithfully, Vinay Baijal Chief General Manager Annex Details of Investments by FIIs and NRIs in Perpetual Debt instruments qualifying as Tier-I capital a) Name of the bank : b) Total issue size/ amount raised (in Rupees) : c) Date of issue : FIIs
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2005-06/289 · issued 25 Jan 2006. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
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Worked example & action-note template

Example: if you are a Compliance officer at a bank this circular applies to (All Authorised Dealer banks issuing Tier I perpetual debt or Tier II debt capital instruments, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with SEBI, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) investing in bank capital instruments, Custodians and designated banks handling secondary market trades), your first concrete step on “RBI Allows FIIs and NRIs to Invest in Bank Tier I and Tier II Capital Instruments” is: “Update internal policies to allow FII and NRI subscription to perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II instruments, adhering to the specified aggregate and individual caps.” (RBI issued this 25 Jan 2006).

  1. Circular: RBI/2005-06/289 -- RBI Allows FIIs and NRIs to Invest in Bank Tier I and Tier II Capital Instruments
  2. Issued: 25 Jan 2006
  3. Action required: Update internal policies to allow FII and NRI subscription to perpetual debt (Tier I) and upper Tier II instruments, adhering to the specified aggregate and individual caps.
  4. Action required: Ensure compliance with the 49% aggregate and 10% individual FII limit, and 24% aggregate and 5% individual NRI limit for each Tier I issue.
  5. Action required: Report issue-wise details of Tier I perpetual debt raised from FIIs/NRIs to RBI within 30 days using the prescribed proforma.
  6. Action required: Instruct custodians and designated banks to report secondary market trades in these instruments via daily LEC returns as per Schedule 2 and 3.
  7. Action required: Coordinate with DBOD guidelines for issuing these instruments and ensure all FEMA-related amendments are incorporated.
  8. Owner: ____________ Target date: ____________
  9. Board/committee approval needed? Y / N
  10. Evidence filed in compliance register on: ____________
Built only from this circular’s own published fields — not legal advice; always confirm against the official RBI source.

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BankPulse Compliance Evidence Pack — generated 05 Aug 2026 · status cross-checked against RBI’s official withdrawal register (refreshed weekly).
Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=2717&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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