HomeCirculars › RBI/2011-12/326

INR-Denominated ECB Hedging for Non-Residents

Current · Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2011-12/326 · issued 29 Dec 2011 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI now allows non-residents to hedge currency risk on INR-denominated ECBs with AD Category-I banks using forwards, options, or swaps, subject to underlying exposure documentation and no rebooking after cancellation.
The rule, in the simplest words
How it plays out — a real example

A forex & trade-finance officer in Indore receives a request from a non-resident Indian (NRI) who gave a 10 lakh INR loan to a local NGO. The officer checks the loan document (a scanned copy is fine), gets the NRI's promise that no other bank is covering this loan, and then sells a forward contract to lock in the exchange rate. The officer ensures the contract's amount and time match the loan exactly, and warns that if the NRI cancels, they cannot rebook it later.

What changed

RBI permitted non-resident entities (foreign equity holders, overseas organisations, individuals) to hedge currency risk on INR-denominated ECBs with AD Category-I banks in India. Eligible hedging products include forward contracts, foreign currency-INR options, and swaps. The hedge amount and tenor must not exceed the underlying ECB, and contracts once cancelled cannot be rebooked.

What it means for you

Banks can now offer INR-ECB hedging to non-residents, expanding derivative business and reducing currency risk for borrowers. This facilitates smoother INR-denominated ECB flows, especially for NGOs and eligible borrowers under automatic/approval routes. Banks must ensure strict documentation and no double hedging.

What you must do

Who it affects

AD Category-I banks, Non-resident foreign equity holders availing INR ECBs, NGOs engaged in microfinance with INR ECBs, Overseas organisations and individuals lending INR ECBs

❓ Common questions

Can a non-resident rebook a cancelled hedge contract under this circular?

No, once a hedge contract is cancelled, it cannot be rebooked. However, rollover is allowed on or before maturity if the underlying exposure still exists.

What documentation is needed from the non-resident to hedge an INR ECB?

The non-resident must provide appropriate documentation (scanned copies acceptable) on a pre-deal basis, including details of the underlying ECB transaction, overseas banker, and address, along with an undertaking that the same exposure is not hedged elsewhere.

How should settlement of the hedge contract be handled?

Settlement must be done through the correspondent bank’s Vostro account or the AD bank’s Nostro account. AD banks should release funds to beneficiaries only after confirming receipt of funds in these accounts.

📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2011-12/326 A. P. (DIR Series) Circular No.63 December 29, 2011 To All Category-I Authorised Dealer Banks Madam / Sir, External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) denominated in Indian Rupees (INR) - hedging facilities for non-resident entities Attention of Authorized Dealers Category – I (AD Category – I) banks is invited to the Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts) Regulations, 2000 dated May 3, 2000 [Notification No. FEMA 25/RB-2000 dated May 3, 2000] , as amended from time to time. 2. In terms of A.P. (Dir Series) Circular No. 27 dated September 23, 2011 , i. “eligible borrowers” have been permitted to avail of ECBs designated in INR from foreign equity holders under the automatic/ approval route, as the case may be, as per the extant ECB guidelines. ii. NGOs engaged in microfinance activities have been permitted to avail of ECBs designated in INR, under the automatic route, from overseas organisations and individuals as per the extant ECB guidelines. In order to facilitate the same, it has been decided to allow non-residents to hedge their currency risk in respect of ECBs denominated in Indian Rupees, with AD Category I banks in India, as per the details given in the Annex . 3. Necessary amendments to the Notification No. FEMA.25/RB-2000 dated May 3, 2000 [Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts) Regulations, 2000] are being notified separately. 4. AD Category - I banks may bring the contents of this circular to the notice of their constituents and customers. 5. The directions contained in this circular have been issued under sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 (42 of 1999) and are without prejudice to permissions/approvals, if any, required under any other law. Yours faithfully, (Meena Hemchandra) Chief General Manager-in-Charge Annex  [Annex to A.P. DIR Circular No.63 dated December 29, 2011] ECBs denominated in INR - Hedging Facilities for Non-Resident Entities Purpose To hedge the currency risk arising out of ECBs designated in INR with AD Category- I banks in India. Products Forward foreign exchange contracts with rupee as one of the currencies, foreign currency-INR options and foreign currency-INR swaps. Operational Guidelines, Terms and Conditions The foreign equity holder / overseas organisation or individual approaches the AD bank in India with a request for forward cover in respect of underlying transaction for which he needs to furnish appropriate documentation (scanned copies would be acceptable), on a pre-deal basis to enable the AD bank in India to satisfy itself that there is an underlying ECB transaction, and details of his overseas banker, address, etc. The following undertakings also need to be taken from the customer - o That the same underlying exposure has not been hedged with any other AD Category- I bank/s in India. o If the underlying exposure is cancelled, the customer will cancel the hedge contract immediately. The amount and tenor of the hedge should not exceed that of the underlying transaction and should be in consonance with the extant regulations regarding tenor of payment / realization of the proceeds. On due date, settlement is to be done through the correspondent bank’s Vostro or the AD bank’s Nostro accounts. AD banks in India may release funds to the beneficiaries only after sighting funds in Nostro / Vostro accounts. The contracts, once cancelled, cannot be rebooked. The contracts may, however, be rolled over on or before maturity subject to maturity of the underlying exposure. On cancellation of the contracts, gains may be passed on to the customer subject to the customer providing a declaration that he is not going to rebook the contract or that the contract has been cancelled on account of cancellation of the underlying exposure.
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2011-12/326 · issued 29 Dec 2011. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
🧰 Tools — save, print, templates & related
Who does what — compliance checklist
⚙️ Operations
  • Ensure settlement via Nostro/Vostro accounts and release funds only after sighting funds.
📜 Compliance
  • Update internal policies to accept hedging requests from non-residents for INR-denominated ECBs.
  • Verify underlying ECB documentation (scanned copies acceptable) on a pre-deal basis.
  • Obtain customer undertakings: no double hedging, cancel hedge if underlying is cancelled.
  • Prohibit rebooking of cancelled contracts; allow rollover only if underlying exposure remains.
Grouped from the action items above — a single circular may involve more than one team.
Worked example & action-note template

Example: if you are a Compliance officer at a bank this circular applies to (AD Category-I banks, Non-resident foreign equity holders availing INR ECBs, NGOs engaged in microfinance with INR ECBs, Overseas organisations and individuals lending INR ECBs), your first concrete step on “INR-Denominated ECB Hedging for Non-Residents” is: “Update internal policies to accept hedging requests from non-residents for INR-denominated ECBs.” (RBI issued this 29 Dec 2011).

  1. Circular: RBI/2011-12/326 -- INR-Denominated ECB Hedging for Non-Residents
  2. Issued: 29 Dec 2011
  3. Action required: Update internal policies to accept hedging requests from non-residents for INR-denominated ECBs.
  4. Action required: Verify underlying ECB documentation (scanned copies acceptable) on a pre-deal basis.
  5. Action required: Obtain customer undertakings: no double hedging, cancel hedge if underlying is cancelled.
  6. Action required: Ensure settlement via Nostro/Vostro accounts and release funds only after sighting funds.
  7. Action required: Prohibit rebooking of cancelled contracts; allow rollover only if underlying exposure remains.
  8. Owner: ____________ Target date: ____________
  9. Board/committee approval needed? Y / N
  10. Evidence filed in compliance register on: ____________
Built only from this circular’s own published fields — not legal advice; always confirm against the official RBI source.

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Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=6907&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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