HomeCirculars › RBI/2011-12/415

Risk Assessment for Money Changing Activities under KYC/AML

Live · in forceNo withdrawal recorded as of 20 Jun 2026. Reviewed by Vikram Jain; always verify against the official RBI source below.
Issued by RBI: 29 Feb 2012  ·  Decoded by BankPulse: 20 Jun 2026, 04:44 IST
⏱ ~2 min read
📄 Official RBI source ↗
Quick answerRBI mandates authorised persons to identify and assess money laundering/terrorism financing risks for customers, countries, products, and delivery channels. Board-approved policies and enhanced due diligence for medium/high-risk entities are required, following a national risk assessment committee's recommendations.

What changed

RBI now requires authorised persons to conduct a formal risk assessment for money changing activities, covering customers, countries, geographical areas, products, services, transactions, and delivery channels. This goes beyond earlier guidelines that only required customer profiling and enhanced due diligence for higher-risk customers. The change stems from the government-accepted recommendations of the National Money Laundering/Financing of Terror Risk Assessment Committee.

What it means for you

Banks and other authorised persons must now implement a comprehensive, board-approved risk management framework for money changing activities. This means allocating resources more efficiently by focusing on higher-risk areas, and adopting enhanced measures for medium or high-risk customers and products. The risk-based approach aims to strengthen the AML/CFT regime without imposing uniform burdens on all transactions.

What you must do

Who it affects

All authorised persons (banks, money changers, etc.) handling money changing transactions, Agents and franchisees of authorised persons, Compliance and risk management teams in financial institutions

What is the key difference from the 2009 circular?

The 2009 circular required customer profiling and enhanced due diligence for higher-risk customers. This circular adds a formal risk assessment covering customers, countries, products, and delivery channels, with board-approved policies to manage those risks.

Do these rules apply to our agents and franchisees?

Yes, the guidelines apply mutatis mutandis to all agents and franchisees. The franchiser is solely responsible for ensuring their compliance.

What should we do if a customer or product is rated medium or high risk?

You must adopt enhanced due diligence measures for such customers, products, or services, as part of your risk-based approach.

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AI-drafted · 3-model AI consensus fact-check · under the editorial review of Vikram Jain · decoded & published by BankPulse · 20 Jun 2026, 04:44 IST
Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=7028&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by Vikram Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; never reproduces RBI text verbatim.