Current · Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2012-13/178 · issued 28 Aug 2012 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI now permits limited two-way fungibility for Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs), similar to ADRs/GDRs. Re-issuance is capped at redeemed/converted IDRs, with an overall USD 5 billion limit monitored by SEBI. This eases conversion between IDRs and underlying shares.
The rule, in the simplest words
Banks can now help convert Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs) into equity shares and re-issue them, but only up to the amount of IDRs redeemed or converted.
There's a limit of USD 5 billion for foreign companies to raise capital in India using IDRs, and this will be monitored by SEBI.
Lenders must follow SEBI and RBI rules when handling IDR transactions, including issuance, redemption, and fungibility.
How it plays out — a real example
A forex & trade-finance officer in Indore, Mr. Kumar, helps a foreign company convert some of their IDRs into equity shares. He ensures that the company doesn't exceed the USD 5 billion limit set by SEBI and follows all the necessary RBI and SEBI guidelines. This helps the company raise more capital in India and improves liquidity for their investors.
What changed
RBI introduced limited two-way fungibility for IDRs, allowing re-issuance only to the extent of IDRs redeemed or converted into underlying shares and sold. An overall cap of USD 5 billion for IDR capital raising by foreign companies in India was set, monitored by SEBI. This amends the earlier 2009 circular on IDR issuance.
What it means for you
Banks and AD Category-I dealers can now facilitate conversion of IDRs into equity shares and re-issue them, subject to the USD 5 billion aggregate cap. This enhances liquidity and flexibility for foreign companies raising capital in India via IDRs. Lenders must ensure compliance with SEBI and RBI guidelines on issuance, redemption, and fungibility.
What you must do
Update internal processes to handle limited two-way fungibility for IDRs, including conversion and re-issuance tracking.
Monitor the USD 5 billion aggregate cap for IDR capital raising, as reported by SEBI.
Advise customers on the conditions for IDR conversion and re-issuance per the 2009 circular and SEBI regulations.
Ensure compliance with FEMA and other applicable laws when processing IDR transactions.
Who it affects
AD Category-I banks, Foreign companies issuing IDRs in India, Investors holding IDRs
❓ Common questions
What is the USD 5 billion cap for IDRs?
It is an overall limit on capital raised by foreign companies through IDR issuance in Indian markets, monitored by SEBI, similar to caps on FII debt investments.
Can IDRs be freely converted into shares?
Conversion is allowed under limited two-way fungibility, subject to conditions in the 2009 circular (paras 6 and 7) and SEBI regulations. Re-issuance is only for redeemed/converted IDRs.
Do banks need to report IDR transactions?
Yes, banks must follow RBI and SEBI reporting guidelines. The circular does not specify new reporting forms but requires compliance with existing regulations.
📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2012-13/178
A. P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 19
August 28, 2012
To,
All Category – I Authorised Dealer banks
Madam/Sir,
Issue of Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs) - Limited two way fungibilty
Attention of Authorised Dealers Category – I (AD Category - I) banks is invited to A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.5 dated July 22, 2009 , in terms of which, the guidelines regarding issue of IDRs by eligible companies resident outside India have been laid out.
2. It has now been decided to allow a limited two way fungibility for IDRs (similar to the limited two way fungibility facility available for ADRs/GDRs) subject to the following terms and conditions:
i. The conversion of IDRs into underlying equity shares would be governed by the conditions mentioned in paras 6 and 7 of A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 5 dated July 22, 2009.
ii. Fresh IDRs would continue to be issued in terms of the provisions of A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 5 dated July 22, 2009.
iii. The re-issuance of IDRs would be allowed only to the extent of IDRs that have been redeemed /converted into underlying shares and sold.
iv. There would be an overall cap of USD 5 billion for raising of capital by issuance of IDRs by eligible foreign companies in Indian markets. This cap would be akin to the caps imposed for FII investment in debt securities andwould be monitored by SEBI.
Accordingly, Para 5 of A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 5 dated July 22, 2009 stands amended as above.
3. The issuance, redemption and fungibilityof IDRs would also be subject to the SEBI (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2009, as amended from time to time as well as other relevant guidelines issued in this regard by the Government, the SEBI and the RBI from time to time.
4.AD Category - I banks may bring the contents of the circular to the notice of their customers/constituents concerned.
5. Necessary amendments to Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 ( Notification No. FEMA 20/2000-RB dated May 3, 2000 ) are being notified separately.
6. The directions contained in this circular have been issued under Sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999) and are without prejudice to permissions / approvals, if any, required under any other law.
Yours faithfully,
(Rudra Narayan Kar)
Chief General Manager
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2012-13/178 · issued 28 Aug 2012. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
Monitor the USD 5 billion aggregate cap for IDR capital raising, as reported by SEBI.
📜 Compliance
Update internal processes to handle limited two-way fungibility for IDRs, including conversion and re-issuance tracking.
Advise customers on the conditions for IDR conversion and re-issuance per the 2009 circular and SEBI regulations.
Ensure compliance with FEMA and other applicable laws when processing IDR transactions.
Grouped from the action items above — a single circular may involve more than one team.
Worked example & action-note template
Example: if you are a Compliance officer at a bank this circular applies to (AD Category-I banks, Foreign companies issuing IDRs in India, Investors holding IDRs), your first concrete step on “Limited Two-Way Fungibility for IDRs Allowed” is: “Update internal processes to handle limited two-way fungibility for IDRs, including conversion and re-issuance tracking.” (RBI issued this 28 Aug 2012).
Circular: RBI/2012-13/178 -- Limited Two-Way Fungibility for IDRs Allowed
Issued: 28 Aug 2012
Action required: Update internal processes to handle limited two-way fungibility for IDRs, including conversion and re-issuance tracking.
Action required: Monitor the USD 5 billion aggregate cap for IDR capital raising, as reported by SEBI.
Action required: Advise customers on the conditions for IDR conversion and re-issuance per the 2009 circular and SEBI regulations.
Action required: Ensure compliance with FEMA and other applicable laws when processing IDR transactions.
Owner: ____________ Target date: ____________
Board/committee approval needed? Y / N
Evidence filed in compliance register on: ____________
Built only from this circular’s own published fields — not legal advice; always confirm against the official RBI source.
💬 Banker Discussion
Discuss this circular with fellow bankers — reply, upvote what helps, report what doesn’t belong. Be professional; no client data. Views are the commenter’s own, not BankPulse’s.
BankPulse Compliance Evidence Pack — generated 03 Aug 2026 · status cross-checked against RBI’s official withdrawal register (refreshed weekly). Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=7530&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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