HomeCirculars › RBI/2021-22/155

FPI Credit Default Swap Transactions: Operational Guidelines

No longer current — replaced by RBI Finalises Master Direction – Credit Derivatives Directions, 2026
RBI's own words: “and A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 23 dated February 10, 2022” — RBI/FMRD/2026-27/407
Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2021-22/155 · issued 10 Feb 2022 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI has set a 5% aggregate limit on CDS protection sold by FPIs against outstanding corporate bonds, effective May 9, 2022. Debt instruments from physical settlement count toward corporate bond investment limits, but are exempt from residual maturity, concentration, and single-investor caps.
The rule, in the simplest words
How it plays out — a real example

Rahul, a credit & lending officer in Indore, needs to update his systems to track FPI CDS protection sold against the 5% aggregate limit on corporate bonds. He also needs to advise his FPI clients on the new limit and settlement-related debt instrument treatment. This will help him ensure timely reporting of OTC CDS transactions to CCIL for limit utilisation dissemination.

What changed

RBI introduced an aggregate limit of 5% of outstanding corporate bonds for CDS protection sold by all FPIs, with CCIL tracking utilisation. Debt instruments received or bought for physical settlement of CDS now count under corporate bond investment limits, but are exempt from minimum residual maturity, short-term, concentration, and single/group investor limits.

What it means for you

Banks and market makers must monitor FPI CDS positions against the 5% aggregate limit and report to CCIL. The exemption from maturity and concentration norms for settlement-related debt instruments simplifies FPI participation, but the limit cap may constrain hedging activity. Banks dealing with FPIs need to update their systems and compliance processes accordingly.

Historical instruction — do not use for current compliance. This is what was required at the time; it no longer reflects current RBI requirements. If no replacement rule is linked above, that only means none is recorded on our register yet — it does not prove no later applicable rule exists. Confirm on the official RBI source below.

What banks were required to do at the time

Who it affects

Authorised Persons (banks) dealing with FPIs, Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs), Market makers in OTC CDS, Clearing Corporation of India Ltd. (CCIL), Stock exchanges

❓ Common questions

Regulatory timeline

Built from our lineage records — each fact carries its provenance; missing history simply is not shown (never guessed).

What is the aggregate limit for CDS protection sold by FPIs?

The aggregate notional amount of CDS sold by all FPIs cannot exceed 5% of the outstanding stock of corporate bonds, as specified by RBI.

Are debt instruments from physical CDS settlement subject to normal FPI investment limits?

Yes, they count toward corporate bond investment limits, but are exempt from minimum residual maturity, short-term, concentration, and single/group investor limits.

When do these operational instructions take effect?

These directions come into effect from May 9, 2022.

📜 This document’s life story (1 recorded event, each backed by RBI’s own words)
Superseded by RBI Finalises Master Direction – Credit Derivatives Directions, 2026
RBI’s words: “and A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 23 dated February 10, 2022”
📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
RBI/2021-22/155 A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 23 February 10, 2022 To, All Authorised Persons Madam / Sir Transactions in Credit Default Swap (CDS) by Foreign Portfolio Investors – Operational Instructions Attention of Authorised Persons is invited to the Foreign Exchange Management (Debt Instruments) Regulations, 2019 [ Notification No. FEMA. 396/2019-RB dated October 17, 2019 ], as amended from time to time. A reference is also invited to A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.31 dated June 15, 2018 , A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 05 dated May 31, 2021 and Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Credit Derivatives) Directions, 2022 dated February 10, 2022 , as amended from time to time (hereinafter, Credit Derivatives Directions). 2. Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) are eligible to be categorised as non-retail users and have been allowed to buy and sell CDS protection under the Credit Derivatives Directions. Necessary Directions to Authorised Persons that are eligible to deal with FPIs for transacting in Credit Derivatives in terms of the Credit Derivatives Directions are being issued hereunder. 3. Selling of CDS protection by all FPIs shall be subject to a limit specified by the Reserve Bank from time to time (hereinafter, aggregate limit). The aggregate limit of the notional amount of CDS sold by FPIs shall be 5% of the outstanding stock of corporate bonds. Clearing Corporation of India Ltd. (CCIL) shall disseminate the utilisation of aggregate limit based on the reporting by the market makers for transactions in OTC market and reporting by stock exchanges for transactions on exchanges. FPIs shall not sell any CDS protection once aggregate limit is utilised. The limit utilised for CDS protection sold by the FPI shall be released upon the exit of the CDS position by the FPIs. 4. Debt instruments received by FPIs as deliverable obligation and debt instruments purchased by FPIs for meeting deliverable obligation in physical settlement of CDS contracts shall be reckoned under the investment limits for corporate bonds as specified in A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 05 dated May 31, 2021 , as amended from time to time. In case of non-availability of investment limit at the time of physical settlement, such debt instruments shall be adjusted against the revised limits in the subsequent review of investment limits. 5. The notional amount of protection sold by FPIs, and the debt instruments received as deliverable obligation as well as debt instruments purchased for meeting deliverable obligation by FPIs in physical settlement of CDS contracts shall not be subject to minimum residual maturity requirement / short-term limit, concentration limit or single/group investor-wise limits applicable to FPI investment in corporate bonds as specified in paragraphs 4(b), (e) and (f) respectively of A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 31 dated June 15, 2018 . 6. These Directions shall come into effect from May 09, 2022 7. Authorised Persons may bring the contents of this circular to the notice of their constituents and customers concerned. 8. The Directions contained in this circular have been issued under sections 10(4) and 11(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999) and are without prejudice to permissions/approval, if any, required under any other law. Yours faithfully (Dimple Bhandia) Chief General Manager
Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2021-22/155 · issued 10 Feb 2022. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
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Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12227&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert reviewer, CA Amit Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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