HomeCirculars › RBI/2026-27/197

NBFC Income Recognition on Acquired Assets: New RBI Rules

Not yet independently checked — please confirm with the official RBI source below
Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2026-27/197 · issued FY 2026-27 · ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI now bars NBFCs from booking accrued interest on extinguished loans after acquiring specified non-financial assets (SNFA). Such income must be reversed by Sep 2027 if unrealized. SNFA income goes as non-interest income.
The rule, in the simplest words
How it plays out — a real example

Ravi, an NBFC credit manager, takes over a factory building from a defaulting borrower. Under the new rule, he cannot book the Rs 10 lakh unpaid interest as income. Instead, when he sells the building next year, the sale proceeds go as 'other income'.

What changed

RBI inserted new paragraphs 40C and 40D in Chapter II of the NBFC Prudential Norms. Paragraph 40C prohibits recognizing accrued but unrealized interest/charges from extinguished exposure after SNFA acquisition; any such income already booked must be reversed by Sep 30, 2027. Paragraph 40D requires SNFA income to be recorded as non-interest/other income when realized, and upkeep expenses to be booked when incurred.

What it means for you

NBFCs can no longer inflate income by recognizing interest on loans that have been extinguished via SNFA acquisition. This tightens income recognition discipline and aligns with stressed asset resolution norms. Banks and NBFCs must review their SNFA portfolios and reverse any unrealized income by the deadline.

What you must do

Who it affects

All NBFCs, NBFC auditors and compliance teams

❓ Common questions

What is an SNFA?

The RBI document does not define SNFA explicitly, but it refers to 'Specified Non-Financial Assets' acquired in the context of extinguished exposures. Typically, these are assets taken over in settlement of stressed loans.

Does this apply to all NBFCs?

Yes, the amendment is inserted in Chapter II - Prudential Norms applicable to all NBFCs, as per the source.

What if we have already recognized income on SNFA before Sep 30, 2026?

You must reverse that income through P&L by Sep 30, 2027, to the extent it remains unrealized as of that date.

📜 Read the original circular — full text as issued by RBI
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Consequent to the aforesaid Amendment Directions, in exercise of the powers conferred by the sections 45JA, 45L and 45M of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934; sections 30A and 32 of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987 and section 3 read with section 31A and section 6 of the Factoring Regulation Act, 2011, and all other laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (hereinafter called the Reserve Bank) in this regard, the Reserve Bank being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby issues the Amendment Directions hereinafter specified. 3. These Amendment Directions modify the Directions as under: (i) The following shall be inserted in Chapter II - Prudential Norms applicable to all NBFCs: “D1. Income Recognition in case of acquisition of Specified Non-Financial Assets (SNFA) 40C. Any accrued but unrealised interest and / or charges from the extinguished exposure pertaining to periods prior to acquisition of an SNFA, shall not be recognised as income upon acquisition of the SNFA. Where such income has been recognised in respect of any SNFA outstanding in the books of a NBFC as on September 30, 2026, it shall be reversed through Profit and Loss account, latest by September 30, 2027, to the extent remaining unrealised as on that date. 40D. Any income received from an SNFA shall be recognised in the income statement as ‘non-interest / other income’, in the financial year in which it is realised. Similarly, any expense incurred towards upkeep of an SNFA shall be accounted for in the income statement in the financial year in which it is incurred.” 4. The above amendment would come into force with effect from October 01, 2026. 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Reproduced for reference with acknowledgment — Source: Reserve Bank of India · RBI/2026-27/197 · issued FY 2026-27. The plain-English explanation above is BankPulse’s own independent summary.
🧰 Tools — save, print, templates & related
Topics: NBFC Regulations
Key dataSee the live numbers behind this topic: NPA / Asset-Quality Tracker, Bank Health Scores — updated from official RBI data.
Key termsPlain-English definitions of terms in this circular — see the full Indian banking glossary. NBFC · CRAR (Capital adequacy) · Gross NPA (GNPA) · Wilful defaulter
Who does what — compliance checklist
💻 IT / Systems
  • Update internal accounting policies and systems to comply with the new income recognition treatment from Oct 1, 2026.
📜 Compliance
  • Identify all SNFA acquisitions in your books as of Sep 30, 2026, and check for accrued but unrealized interest/charges.
  • Reverse any such recognized income through P&L by Sep 30, 2027, to the extent still unrealized.
  • Classify all future SNFA income as non-interest/other income upon realization, and expense upkeep costs in the year incurred.
Grouped from the action items above — a single circular may involve more than one team.
Worked example & action-note template

Example: if you are a Compliance officer at a bank this circular applies to (All NBFCs, NBFC auditors and compliance teams), your first concrete step on “NBFC Income Recognition on Acquired Assets: New RBI Rules” is: “Identify all SNFA acquisitions in your books as of Sep 30, 2026, and check for accrued but unrealized interest/charges.” (RBI issued this FY 2026-27).

  1. Circular: RBI/2026-27/197 -- NBFC Income Recognition on Acquired Assets: New RBI Rules
  2. Issued: FY 2026-27
  3. Action required: Identify all SNFA acquisitions in your books as of Sep 30, 2026, and check for accrued but unrealized interest/charges.
  4. Action required: Reverse any such recognized income through P&L by Sep 30, 2027, to the extent still unrealized.
  5. Action required: Classify all future SNFA income as non-interest/other income upon realization, and expense upkeep costs in the year incurred.
  6. Action required: Update internal accounting policies and systems to comply with the new income recognition treatment from Oct 1, 2026.
  7. Owner: ____________ Target date: ____________
  8. Board/committee approval needed? Y / N
  9. Evidence filed in compliance register on: ____________
Built only from this circular’s own published fields — not legal advice; always confirm against the official RBI source.

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Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=13575&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by our expert review panel. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; is our own plain-English paraphrase, not RBI’s original wording.
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