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India bank NPA & asset-quality tracker

Quick answerIndia's gross NPA ratio is 2.6% as of December 2024 — a multi-decade low — down sharply from a peak of 11.2% in 2018 (a 8.6 percentage-point clean-up). Net NPA is 0.6% and provision coverage 77%. Asset quality is the strongest in over a decade, per the RBI Financial Stability Report.
2.6%
Gross NPA ratio
0.6%
Net NPA ratio
77%
Provision coverage
-8.6pp
GNPA fall from 2018 peak

By bank group

Public sector banks still carry the highest gross NPAs (a legacy of the 2014–18 stress cycle) but have cleaned up dramatically; private and foreign banks run materially lower NPA ratios.

Latest change — Dec 24 vs Mar 24

Direction of the most recent reading versus the previous period. A green arrow is a favourable move (falling GNPA/NNPA, rising provision coverage); red is unfavourable. Figures from the data table below; always read the official RBI source.

Gross NPA
2.6%
▼ down −0.2pp vs Mar 24
Net NPA
0.6%
↔ unchanged vs Mar 24
Provision coverage
77%
▲ up 1.0pp vs Mar 24

Asset-quality trend — data table

Download this data:CSVJSON— reviewed by Vikram Jain; every figure links to its official rbi.org.in source. BankPulse never reproduces RBI text verbatim.

The charts above are a visual summary; the tables below carry the same period-end RBI figures so they are readable without JavaScript — for accessibility and AI answer engines. Arrows show the change versus the previous period (↓ improvement, ↑ deterioration).

Period (end)Gross NPANet NPAProvision coverage
Mar 1811.2%6.0%48%
Mar 199.1% ↓3.7% ↓49% ↑
Mar 208.2% ↓2.8% ↓65% ↑
Mar 217.3% ↓2.4% ↓68% ↑
Mar 225.8% ↓1.7% ↓71% ↑
Mar 233.9% ↓1.0% ↓74% ↑
Mar 242.8% ↓0.6% ↓76% ↑
Dec 242.6% ↓0.6% →77% ↑

Gross NPA by bank group (Dec 2024)

Bank groupGross NPA ratio
Public sector3.3%
Private sector1.8%
Foreign banks1.2%

What is GNPA, and how to read the year-on-year trend

Gross NPA (GNPA) is the total value of loans a bank has classified as non-performing — broadly, where the borrower has not paid interest or principal for 90 days or more — shown as a percentage of gross advances. Net NPA (NNPA) is what remains after subtracting the provisions a bank has already set aside, so it reflects the un-provided stress still on the balance sheet. Provision coverage (PCR) is the share of gross NPAs already covered by provisions; a higher PCR means less residual stress can hurt future profits.

Reading the year-on-year change: a falling GNPA ratio (as India has recorded every year since 2018) signals improving asset quality — driven by recoveries, upgrades, write-offs, and faster growth in fresh advances that enlarges the denominator. The ratio can fall for healthy reasons (a genuine clean-up) or optical ones (heavy write-offs, or a credit boom that simply outgrows the bad book), so bankers read GNPA alongside slippage (fresh additions to NPAs), NNPA and PCR. A low GNPA with a high PCR and low slippage — the system position today — is the strongest combination.

What it means for bankers

The fall from 11.2% to 2.6% reflects large write-offs, IBC resolutions and strong recoveries, plus a benign credit cycle. With provision coverage near 77%, residual stress is well covered. The watch-point: RBI's December 2024 baseline stress test projects GNPA could edge back toward 3.0% by March 2026 as the cycle matures and unsecured-retail and microfinance slippages are monitored — a scenario, not a forecast.

Related topic clusterThis dashboard supports the Compliance & Prudential Norms topic cluster — the RBI rules, FAQs and related data for the whole theme.
More live dataExplore BankPulse’s other live RBI dashboards: Repo Rate Timeline · Credit & Deposit Growth · RBI Penalty Tracker · Bank Health Scores.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between gross NPA and net NPA?
Gross NPA (GNPA) is the total value of loans a bank has classified as non-performing as a share of gross advances. Net NPA (NNPA) is the same figure after deducting the provisions the bank has already set aside, so net NPA is always lower and shows the un-provided residual stress.
What does a falling GNPA ratio year-on-year mean?
A year-on-year fall in the gross NPA ratio generally signals improving asset quality, helped by loan recoveries, upgrades, write-offs and faster growth in new advances. Analysts confirm the improvement is genuine by also checking slippage, net NPA and provision coverage.
What is India's current gross NPA ratio?
The gross NPA (GNPA) ratio of India's scheduled commercial banks is 2.6% as of December 2024 — a multi-decade low — down from a peak of 11.2% in March 2018. The net NPA ratio is 0.6% and provision coverage ratio 77%, per the RBI Financial Stability Report.
Are bank NPAs expected to rise?
Under the RBI's December 2024 baseline macro-stress test, the system GNPA ratio could edge up to about 3.0% by March 2026 from current lows, while banks remain well above regulatory capital requirements. It is a scenario projection, not a forecast.

Methodology: each NPA metric, its RBI source & regulatory floor

Every asset-quality metric on this dashboard maps to a specific RBI-defined measure and the regulatory floor or benchmark it is read against. This table carries the same figures in plain HTML so they are readable without JavaScript — for accessibility and AI answer engines.

MetricRBI source metric / definitionRegulatory floor / benchmarkCurrent value
Gross NPA ratio (GNPA)Gross non-performing advances ÷ gross advances, under RBI IRAC asset-classification norms (Master Direction on IRAC & Provisioning)No floor — lower is better; an account is classified NPA once interest/principal is overdue 90+ days2.6%
Net NPA ratio (NNPA)Gross NPAs less provisions already held, ÷ net advances (IRAC norms)No floor — measures the residual un-provided stress; lower is better0.6%
Provision Coverage Ratio (PCR)Provisions held against gross NPAs ÷ gross NPAsNo standing floor; RBI macro-prudential benchmark around 70%77%
Special Mention Account (SMA)Early-stress flag reported to CRILC: SMA-0/1/2 by days overdue (0, 31–60, 61–90 days)Not a ratio — SMA-2 (61–90 days) precedes NPA; account turns NPA at 90+ days overdueEarly-warning
Slippage ratioFresh additions to NPAs during the period ÷ standard advances at the start of the periodNo floor — lower is better; the key forward-looking gauge of new stressMonitored
Related glossary termsPlain-English definitions of the prudential terms behind these asset-quality measures: Scheduled Commercial Bank · Large Exposures Framework · PSL sub-targets. See the full Indian banking glossary.

Related data dashboards

Explore the rest of the BankPulse data hub — every dashboard is built from official RBI data and reviewed by a Chartered Accountant.

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Composite CRAR / GNPA / RoA / PCR / LCR scorecard for the banking system.

Credit & Deposit Growth

Bank credit and deposit YoY growth and the credit-deposit ratio.

Repo Rate Timeline

Every RBI MPC repo-rate change, auto-updated.

RBI Penalty Tracker

Monetary penalties imposed by RBI on regulated entities.

Key terms in this dataPlain-English definitions of the terms behind this dashboard — see the full Indian banking glossary. Gross NPA · Net NPA · PCR · Slippage · SMA · Wilful defaulter · SARFAESI · ECL · CRILC
Explore the rulesThe RBI rules behind these numbers, simplified for bankers: Loan Against Property, NBFC Regulations, Gold Loan.
Master Direction familySee where these rules sit in the RBI rulebook — browse the relevant Master Direction crosswalk families: Department of Regulation · Supervision · NBFC Regulation.
Entities trackedBankPulse tracks 61 Indian banks & NBFCs across its penalty and bank-health intelligence — public-sector banks, private banks, small finance banks and NBFCs — each mapped to its Wikidata QID and Wikipedia article for entity disambiguation. Every tracked entity is one of the RBI-regulated bank/lender classes grouped in the bank-type glossary family. Browse the machine-readable Banks & NBFCs JSON feed — each record carries a sameAs Wikidata QID and Wikipedia URL.
How to read this dashboard
  1. Start with the Quick answer — current GNPA, NNPA and provision coverage.
  2. Read the trend from the 2018 peak to today; a falling GNPA ratio means improving asset quality.
  3. Net NPA (after provisions) shows residual risk; PCR shows the buffer already set aside.
  4. Unfamiliar with a metric? See the linked glossary terms (GNPA / NNPA / PCR / SMA).
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Methodology & sources: see how BankPulse dashboards are sourced, verified & updated · machine-readable methodology feed.

Source: RBI Financial Stability Report (Dec 2024) & Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, system-level scheduled commercial banks, rbi.org.in. Reviewed by Vikram Jain. Last updated 19 Jun 2026, 13:54 IST.