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RBI Master Directions on Prepaid Payment Instruments (2021)

Live · in forceNo withdrawal recorded as of 19 Jun 2026. Reviewed by Vikram Jain; always verify against the official RBI source below.
⏱ ~2 min read
Quick answerRBI has consolidated and updated its Master Directions on PPIs, effective from August 27, 2021, with amendments through December 27, 2024. The framework covers authorization, regulation, interoperability, and customer protection for all PPI issuers and system participants.

What changed

RBI issued a fresh Master Direction on PPIs in August 2021, replacing the 2017 version, and has updated it multiple times through December 2024. The document consolidates all prior instructions into a single framework, emphasizing harmonization and interoperability of PPIs.

What it means for you

Banks and non-bank PPI issuers must align with the updated Master Directions, which reinforce RBI's oversight under the PSS Act. The focus on interoperability and customer protection will require system upgrades and compliance adjustments. Issuers must ensure their PPIs meet the new limits and operational conditions.

What you must do

Who it affects

All PPI issuers (banks and non-banks), System participants in payment systems, Merchants accepting PPIs, Holders of prepaid payment instruments

What is the effective date of these Master Directions?

The Directions came into effect from the date they were placed on the RBI website, i.e., August 27, 2021, with subsequent updates as per respective timelines.

Do closed system PPIs require RBI authorization?

No, closed system PPIs that are used only for purchasing goods/services from the issuing entity and do not allow cash withdrawal are not classified as a payment system requiring RBI approval.

What is the purpose of these Master Directions?

To provide a framework for authorization, regulation, and supervision of PPI issuers, foster competition and innovation, ensure safety and security, and promote harmonization and interoperability of PPIs.

Track this rule
🗂 Master Direction family: Payment & Settlement Systems⏳ How this rule evolved — History Map →Full RBI rulebook crosswalk →
Official source: RBI/DPSS/2021-22/82 on rbi.org.in ↗
AI-drafted · 3-model AI consensus fact-check · under the editorial review of Vikram Jain · published · 19 Jun 2026, 11:17 IST
Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12156&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by Vikram Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; never reproduces RBI text verbatim.