HomeCirculars › RBI/2022-23/32

Large Exposures Framework for NBFC-UL

NBFC Regulations
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Quick answerRBI has issued a Large Exposures Framework for NBFCs in the Upper Layer, defining exposure limits, grouping of connected counterparties, and reporting norms to manage credit risk concentration.

What changed

RBI introduced a dedicated Large Exposures Framework (LEF) for NBFC-ULs, replacing earlier general exposure norms. The framework defines 'group of connected counterparties' based on control or economic interdependence, with specific criteria like 50% voting rights or revenue dependence. It also specifies Tier I capital as the eligible capital base and requires external auditor certification for capital augmentation.

What it means for you

NBFC-ULs must now strictly monitor and report large exposures, limiting concentration risk. The connected counterparty definition expands the scope of aggregation, potentially increasing capital requirements for groups with intertwined businesses. Banks lending to NBFC-ULs should reassess their own exposure concentration, as these norms may affect NBFC-ULs' borrowing capacity and risk profiles.

What you must do

Who it affects

NBFCs classified as Upper Layer (NBFC-UL), Banks and lenders with significant exposure to NBFC-ULs, RBI supervision teams monitoring NBFC compliance

What is the eligible capital base for calculating large exposure limits?

The eligible capital base is Tier I capital as defined in the Master Direction for systemically important NBFCs, including accrued profits after adjustments and external auditor certification.

How does RBI define a 'group of connected counterparties'?

Two or more persons are connected if one controls the other (e.g., >50% voting rights) or they are economically interdependent, such as when 50%+ of revenue comes from transactions with each other or they share a common funding source.

When did this framework become effective?

The circular was issued on April 19, 2022, and the detailed guidelines were annexed for immediate implementation by NBFC-ULs.

Key dataSee the live numbers behind this topic: NPA / Asset-Quality Tracker, Bank Health Scores — updated from official RBI data.
Key termsPlain-English definitions of terms in this circular — see the full Indian banking glossary. NBFC · CRAR (Capital adequacy) · Gross NPA (GNPA) · Wilful defaulter
Track this rule
🗂 Master Direction family: Department of Regulation⏳ How this rule evolved — History Map →Full RBI rulebook crosswalk →
Official source: RBI/2022-23/32 on rbi.org.in ↗
AI-drafted · 3-model AI consensus fact-check · under the editorial review of Vikram Jain · published · 19 Jun 2026, 09:46 IST
Official RBI source: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12298&Mode=0 — Plain-English summary by BankPulse (bankpulse.ai), reviewed by Vikram Jain. Independent platform, not affiliated with the Reserve Bank of India; never reproduces RBI text verbatim.