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Master Direction · Reserve Bank of India

Master Direction - Overseas Investment (Updated as on April 01, 2026)

UR

The four dates on this rule

At a glanceMost overseas investments need no prior approval, only the normal automatic route. RBI replaced the old JV and WOS terms with one new term, foreign entity.

Official RBI page

What it says

Must know

1. Ten percent voting rights, control

Ten percent or more of the voting rights counts as control of a foreign entity.

2. Ten percent stake, direct investment

Buying 10% or more of a listed foreign company counts as direct investment, not portfolio.

3. Once direct, stays direct

An investment classed as direct stays that way even if the stake later falls.

4. Automatic route for most deals

Most overseas investments need no prior approval, only the normal automatic route.

5. Pakistan needs Government approval

Investment in Pakistan, or in a strategic sector, needs the Central Government's own approval.

6. RBI approval above $1 billion

Commitments over USD 1 billion in a year need RBI's own prior approval too.

7. NPA or default needs NOC

An NPA account or a wilful-defaulter tag means a no-objection letter is needed first.

8. No cash for overseas deals

An overseas investment may not be paid for in cash.

9. No routing money via branch

Money may not be sent to your own overseas branch to fund an investment.

10. Restructuring needs a certificate

Writing off restructuring losses needs a certificate showing the audited numbers.

11. No money without a UIN

The bank sends money abroad only after RBI issues a Unique Identification Number.

12. Incomplete filing counts as none

A half-finished report counts as no report at all.

13. Late filer gets no money

The bank freezes new money to that entity until the late report is filed.

14. No third layer of subsidiaries

A structure that already has two or more subsidiary layers may not add a third.

15. Mismatched swap, six month sale

A share swap that does not fit the rules must be sold off within six months.

16. No gifting an investment abroad

An overseas investment may not be gifted to someone living outside India.

17. Office property, 15% of sales

An overseas office property may cost up to 15% of average annual sales, or 25% of net worth if higher.

18. One bank per foreign company

All investors in one foreign company must route their transactions through the same bank.

19. Bank fined for skipped form

The bank itself can be fined if it sends the money without the completed form.

20. Bank checks it is genuine

The bank checks the deal is real and follows the Know Your Customer rules.

21. Suspicious deals go to enforcement

A suspicious transaction is sent straight to the Directorate of Enforcement.

22. Start-up costs, USD 100,000 limit

Costs before a foreign company is even set up may not exceed USD 100,000 a company.

23. Bank answers for the report

The bank itself answers for whether the online report is correct.

Do it

1. Pricing policy, two months

The bank needed a board-approved pricing policy within two months of this rule.

2. Proof of investment, six months

Proof of the investment is due within six months, or the money must come back.

3. Late report, three year window

A late report can still be filed, with a fee, up to three years late.

4. Three people sign off online

Filing online needs three separate people: a maker, a checker, and an approver.

Background

1. JV and WOS renamed

RBI replaced the old JV and WOS terms with one new term, foreign entity.

2. Individuals investing abroad since 2013

Since August 2013, an ordinary resident has been allowed to invest abroad directly.

Where to go next