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Directions · Reserve Bank of India

Reserve Bank of India (Rural Co-operative Banks – Interest Rates on Advances) Directions, 2025

UR

The four dates on this rule

At a glanceBeyond a level a rate is usurious, and that is not normal banking. These rules apply to every rural co-operative bank. The rules start the moment RBI issues them.

Official RBI page

What it says

Chapter I. Preliminary

1. Starts at once

The rules start the moment RBI issues them.

2. Who must follow this

These rules apply to every rural co-operative bank.

3. What an RCB means

An RCB means a State or Central Co-operative Bank under that Act.

Chapter II. General guidelines

Must know

1. A rate can be usurious

Beyond a level a rate is usurious, and that is not normal banking.

2. The bank sets its rate

The bank fixes its lending rates itself, with its Board's approval.

3. Rates must be open

The rates charged must be clear and known to every customer.

4. Interest every month

Interest is charged on all advances at monthly rests.

5. Farm loans keep practice

For farm loans the bank follows its usual practice, tied to the crop season.

6. Price on borrower's rating

The risk charge must be reasonable and tied to the borrower's own internal rating.

7. Security counts in risk

Whether there is security, and what it is worth, must be weighed too.

8. The whole cost be fair

Interest and every other charge together must be justifiable against real cost.

9. Small loan rates too

Rates and fees on microfinance loans must not be usurious either.

10. RBI will look at them

These rates and charges are open to supervisory scrutiny by RBI.

Do it

11. Publish highest and lowest

The bank must publish its minimum and maximum interest rates.

12. Show rates in branches

That information must be displayed in every branch of the bank.

13. Check the cash flow first

A small personal loan needs a proper approval step that looks at the borrower's cash flow.

14. Set a ceiling, publish it

A ceiling on interest and charges may be fixed, and should be made public.

15. A policy for small loans

The board must approve a policy on how microfinance loans are priced.

16. Write the rate model down

It needs a documented way of reaching the all-inclusive interest rate.

17. Break the rate into parts

Cost of funds, risk premium and margin must be set out separately.

18. A spread range per borrower

The policy must give the range of each part for each borrower category.

19. A ceiling on small loans

It must also carry a ceiling on the rate and every other charge.

Chapter III. Repeal and Other Provisions

1. Old rules stand repealed

The earlier lending rate rules for these banks are repealed.

2. Old actions still stand

Anything done under the old rules stays governed by those old rules.

3. Old approvals still count

Approvals given under the repealed rules now come under these rules.

4. Other laws still apply

These rules add to other laws. They do not cut them down.

The same subject for other kinds of institution

The same subject for other kinds of institution.

Other RBI rules for rural co-operative banks

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