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Directions · Reserve Bank of India

Reserve Bank of India (Regional Rural Banks – Financial Statements: Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2025 (Updated as on April 1, 2026)

UR

The four dates on this rule

At a glanceA capital reserve cannot hold any sum free to be paid out as profit. These Directions apply to every regional rural bank. These Directions came into effect on the day RBI issued them.

Official RBI page

What it says

Chapter I. Preliminary

1. Accounts rules for RRBs

This paper sets how regional rural banks must show their accounts.

2. Start date

These Directions came into effect on the day RBI issued them.

3. Who is covered

These Directions apply to every regional rural bank.

Chapter II. Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account

Must know

1. Capital reserves are not free

A capital reserve cannot hold any sum free to be paid out as profit.

2. Twenty per cent means influence

Holding a fifth or more of the votes is taken to mean significant influence.

Do it

3. Compile as instructed

The balance sheet and profit account must be drawn up as told here.

4. Follow the accounting standards

The set accounting rules must be followed, subject to what RBI says.

5. Explain the year's changes

Any change in capital in the year must be explained in the notes.

6. Statutory reserves shown apart

Reserves made under the Banking Regulation Act must be shown on their own.

7. Lien deposits in a footnote

The sum of deposits under lien must be shown in a note to the schedule.

8. Secured borrowings shown apart

Borrowings against security must be shown on their own.

9. Other banking business

Extra segments inside other banking business must be reported where they meet the test.

10. Name the related party

The name and nature of a related party tie must be shown, even with no dealings.

Background

11. Calls in arrears deducted

Calls in arrears come off called-up capital, and forfeited shares are added back.

12. Combine where sensible

Items that can go together are shown under one head.

13. Revaluation is a capital reserve

A gain on revaluing an asset is treated as a capital reserve.

14. Share premium stands alone

Premium on shares issued is shown on its own.

15. Provisions are not reserves

A sum kept for wear and tear, or for a known due, is not a reserve.

16. Loss shown as a deduction

Where there is a loss, the sum is shown as a deduction.

17. Accrued interest sits elsewhere

Interest earned but not yet due on deposits is shown under other dues.

18. Matured deposits are demand

A term deposit that has matured is treated as a demand deposit.

19. Scheme deposits classed by demand

A deposit under a special scheme is a term deposit unless it is payable on demand.

20. Refinance is a borrowing

Refinance from RBI or other bodies is shown under borrowings.

21. Advances shown gross

Advances are shown at the gross sum on the asset side.

22. Net the inter-office accounts

Only the net of inter-office accounts, at home and abroad, is shown.

23. Interest accrued is a liability

Interest earned on any deposit is a due, whether or not it is payable yet.

24. Standard asset provisions apart

Sums kept for standard assets are shown on their own, not cut from gross advances.

25. Rate on the day

Applying the rate of the day is hard for items not booked in rupees.

26. Format is only a guide

The format given is an example and does not cover everything.

27. Secrecy comes first

Where telling would break a duty of secrecy set by law, the disclosure is not made.

28. Customer secrecy is a duty

The common law duty to keep customer details secret excuses such disclosure.

29. Influence, not control

Significant influence is a share in policy decisions, not control over them.

30. Below twenty, no influence

Holding less than a fifth of the votes is taken to mean no significant influence.

31. A big holder does not

Another investor holding most of the shares does not by itself rule out influence.

32. Intangible asset rule

This standard covers intangible assets not dealt with by another standard.

33. Intangibles block a dividend

A lender holding intangible assets needs Central Government leave to pay a dividend.

34. Sponsored RRBs are associates

A regional rural bank that a lender sponsors is treated as an associate.

35. Impairment is for fixed assets

The wear and tear rule covers fixed assets, not loans or investments.

Chapter III. Disclosure in Financial Statements – Notes to Accounts

Do it

1. Disclose in notes to accounts

What this chapter names must be shown in the notes to accounts.

2. Show the previous period

Last year's figure must be shown beside every figure for this year.

3. Narrative comparatives too

Last year's words must be given too, where they help make this year clear.

4. Break out a big industry

An industry above a tenth of all industry advances must be shown on its own.

Background

5. These do not replace others

These are added to, and do not take the place of, what other law asks for.

6. Policies as a schedule

The main accounting policies and the notes go in as their own schedules.

7. Floating provisions may net off

Floating sums not counted in Tier 2 may be cut from gross bad loans.

Chapter IV. Other Instructions

Must know

1. Blocked Account credits

Credit entries unreconciled for more than five years move to a Blocked Account.

2. Old Nostro debits

Banks must fully provide for unreconciled Nostro debit entries older than two years.

3. Withdrawal disclosure

Banks need RBI's approval to draw money out of reserves, and must disclose it separately.

4. Unclaimed transitory balances

Unclaimed balances in transitory accounts cannot be moved to profit or to reserves.

Do it

5. Late-report penalty

If a bank reports fraud late, it must set aside the full provision at once.

6. Deferred tax rule

Banks must set aside deferred tax on the Special Reserve under the Income Tax Act.

7. True and fair picture

The balance sheet and profit and loss account must show a true and fair picture.

Background

8. Reserve withdrawal approval

Banks need RBI's approval before taking money out of the Statutory Reserve or any other reserve.

9. Fraud provision spreading

A bank that reports fraud on time can spread the provision over four quarters.

10. Window dressing penalty

RBI treats window dressing and hiding bad loans seriously and can take penal action.

Chapter V. Repeal and Other Provisions

1. Older rules cancelled

This document cancels the older financial-statement rules for Commercial Banks.

2. Old cases continue

Penalties and legal cases already started under the old rules still continue.

How this rule has changed

The points above are the rule as it stands today, after every change listed here.

  1. Issued on Nov 28, 2025. This is the date RBI put the rule out.

  2. Changed on Jan 05, 2026.

    • Define related parties. Banks must use the related party meaning from the 2025 credit risk management directions.
    • Loans sanctioned data. Banks must report total loans sanctioned to related parties during the year.
    • Loans outstanding data. Banks must report total loans to related parties that are outstanding on 31st March.
  3. Changed on Mar 16, 2026.

    • Disclose late payment. If a bank missed the due date for premium, this delay must also be reported in the annual report.
    • Start date. These amendments apply from April 1, 2026.

The same subject for other kinds of institution

The same subject for other kinds of institution.

Other RBI rules for regional rural banks

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