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Directions · Reserve Bank of India

Reserve Bank of India (Regional Rural Banks – Branch Authorisation) Directions, 2025

UR

The four dates on this rule

At a glanceA banking outlet serves customers at a fixed point for at least four hours a day, five days a week. These Directions apply to regional rural banks. An authorisation stays valid for a maximum period of two years.

Official RBI page

Numbers to remember

four hoursA banking outlet serves customers at a fixed point for at least four hours a day, five days a week. RBI Para 4(3)
nine percentThe application is considered only with capital of nine percent, net bad loans within five percent, and a clean record. RBI Para 9(1)
two yearsThere must be no default in the cash and liquidity reserves for two years. The bank must have made a net profit last year. RBI Para 9(3)
seven daysThe report of a new rural outlet reaches RBI's regional office within seven days of opening. RBI Para 10
25 percentTown openings this year are allowed only if the bank met its 25 percent unbanked rural target the previous year. RBI Para 10(1)
one monthA change of office address reaches RBI's regional office within one month of shifting. RBI Para 27
30 daysA complainant unanswered for 30 days, or unsatisfied, may approach the RBI Ombudsman. RBI Para 64

What it says

Chapter I. Preliminary

1. What counts as an outlet

A banking outlet serves customers at a fixed point for at least four hours a day, five days a week.

2. In force on issue

These directions took effect from the date of their issue.

3. Who is covered

These Directions apply to regional rural banks.

Chapter III. Branch Authorisation

Must know

1. Five conditions to qualify

The application is considered only with capital of nine percent, net bad loans within five percent, and a clean record.

2. No reserve defaults

There must be no default in the cash and liquidity reserves for two years. The bank must have made a net profit last year.

3. Seven days to report

The report of a new rural outlet reaches RBI's regional office within seven days of opening.

4. Earn the town first

Town openings this year are allowed only if the bank met its 25 percent unbanked rural target the previous year.

5. Miss the target, lose towns

Miss the 25 percent duty in a year, and the bank may not open in Tier 1 to 4 centres.

6. A quarter for the unbanked

At least 25 percent of outlets opened in a year must be in unbanked rural centres.

7. Part time counts pro rata

A part time outlet counts in the 25 percent sum in proportion to its hours.

8. Moves go down, not up

Outlets may shift only within the same or a smaller population category, never upward.

9. One month to tell RBI

A change of office address reaches RBI's regional office within one month of shifting.

10. No customers in back offices

Back offices need the regional office's permission, serve no customers, and can never become branches.

11. Two years to use it

An authorisation stays valid for a maximum period of two years.

Do it

12. Full computerisation first

All branches and the head office must be on core banking, with system generated recognition of bad loans.

13. The licence on the wall

The licence must be displayed in the branch for customers to see that the branch is authorised.

Background

14. Towns need approval

Opening an outlet in a Tier 1 to 4 centre needs RBI's prior approval through the PRAVAAH portal.

15. Villages are open

Tier 5 and 6 rural centres carry general permission. The bank opens first and reports after.

16. An automatic village licence

For rural openings the regional office issues the licence post facto, automatically.

17. A committee watches

RBI's regional office, through the Empowered Committee, monitors every opening, closing, shifting and merger.

18. Rural closures need consent

Closing, merging or moving a rural or sole semi urban outlet needs the district committee and RBI's regional office.

19. A yearly plan with NABARD

The yearly outlet expansion plan goes to RBI's regional office with the board's approval and NABARD's recommendation.

20. A bank on wheels

A mobile branch is a protected van with two or three bank officials, books and a cash safe, visiting on fixed days.

21. One office per fifty

The bank may open one regional office for every 50 banking outlets, with a licence taken before it opens.

22. Fifty run from head office

A bank with up to 50 outlets runs them straight from the head office, with no middle tier.

23. Offices move freely

Administrative offices may shift, close or merge at the bank's discretion, without RBI's prior approval.

24. ATMs anywhere

The bank may set up ATMs at places it chooses; they are not banking outlets.

Chapter IV. Business Facilitator / Business Correspondent Model

Must know

1. Agents charge nothing

An agent may never charge the customer directly. Only the bank may levy open, stated charges.

2. Thirty days, then Ombudsman

A complainant unanswered for 30 days, or unsatisfied, may approach the RBI Ombudsman.

BankPulse example. A complaint reaches the bank on 1 September. If no reply has come by 1 October, that is 30 days. The complainant may then go to the RBI Ombudsman.

Do it

3. Credit rules apply too

Agent lending work must follow the credit facilities Directions for regional rural banks.

4. Offline allowed, booked daily

Agents may do offline transactions, and every one must reach the bank's books by the end of the day.

Background

5. Agents extend the bank

The bank may serve customers through business facilitators and correspondents for wider inclusion.

6. The bank answers for agents

The bank is fully responsible for the actions of its correspondents and their outlets.

7. Introduced to the village

Bank officials introduce the agent to the public in a meeting with village elders, so nobody is impersonated.

Chapter V. Information Reporting

1. Reported within a week

Opening, closing, merging or shifting any outlet is reported through the CISBI portal within one week.

Chapter VI. Repeal and other Provisions

1. Old guidance repealed

The earlier branch authorisation guidance for regional rural banks stands repealed.

2. Old actions stay governed

Action already taken under the old rules stays governed by them.

The same subject for other kinds of institution

The same subject for other kinds of institution.

Other RBI rules for regional rural banks

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