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Directions · Reserve Bank of India

Reserve Bank of India (Non-Banking Financial Companies - Auditor’s Report) Directions, 2026

UR

The four dates on this rule

At a glanceThe auditor writes a separate report to the board, apart from the usual company-law report. It applies to the auditor of any company that counts as an NBFC under RBI's own Act. These rules start the moment RBI issues them.

Official RBI page

What it says

Chapter I. Preliminary

1. Starts the day issued

These rules start the moment RBI issues them.

2. Covers section 45-I(f) companies

It applies to the auditor of any company that counts as an NBFC under RBI's own Act.

3. Their own book for HFCs

A housing finance company's own auditor still follows RBI's separate housing finance company rules.

Chapter II. Auditors to submit Additional Report to the Board of Directors

Must know

1. One more report to board

The auditor writes a separate report to the board, apart from the usual company-law report.

2. Checks the licence itself

The auditor checks whether the company holds RBI's certificate of registration.

3. Checks it can keep licence

The auditor checks if the company still meets RBI's test to keep that certificate.

4. Checks its minimum capital

The auditor checks whether the company meets RBI's minimum net owned fund rule.

5. Auditor confirms licence is needed

The statutory auditor confirms the company needs a certificate of registration and may hold one.

6. Deposits stay inside RBI's limit

The auditor checks whether its public deposits and listed borrowings stay within RBI's allowed limit.

7. Extra deposits get fixed

Deposits held above the allowed amount are set right the way RBI's rules require.

8. No deposits without a rating

It may not take public deposits without a minimum credit rating from an approved agency.

9. Rating checked every scheme

The auditor checks that a SEBI-registered agency rated each deposit scheme.

10. Deposits inside RBI's ceiling

It checks whether outstanding deposits crossed RBI's specified ceiling at any point in the year.

11. No broken deposit rules

The auditor checks whether the company broke any rule on taking public deposits.

12. No missed payments to depositors

It checks whether the company failed to pay a depositor's interest or principal on time.

13. Capital ratio, correctly worked out

The auditor checks that its capital ratio is worked out correctly and meets RBI's minimum.

14. Bad-loan rules, followed

It checks the company followed RBI's rules on recognising and providing for bad loans.

15. Liquid assets, kept and reported

The auditor checks its liquid-asset holding and confirms where those assets are held.

16. New branches follow the rules

Opening a branch, closing one, or naming an agent all follow RBI's deposit rules.

17. Board resolves against deposits

The board passes its own resolution saying it will not take public deposits.

18. Deposits taken all the same

The auditor checks whether it took any public deposit anyway during the year.

19. Bad-loan rules apply here too

The same bad-loan and accounting rules are checked, even without deposits.

20. Bigger NBFCs get capital checked

A Middle-layer NBFC or above also gets its capital ratio checked against RBI's minimum.

21. Microfinance NBFCs, correctly classified

The auditor checks whether it is correctly classified as a microfinance NBFC.

22. No licence, conditions still checked

If RBI excused it from holding a certificate, the auditor checks it still meets RBI's conditions.

23. Reasons given for bad report

If the auditor's finding is unfavourable, the report states why.

24. Silence gets a reason too

If the auditor cannot give an opinion at all, the report says why.

Do it

25. SAC return, five days

It files that certificate within five working days, and by December 31 at the latest.

26. Certificate filed on RBI's portal

That certificate is filed on RBI's own CIMS portal.

27. Deposit return filed on time

It checks that a return on deposits reached RBI within the required time.

28. Prudential return filed too

It also checks that a second return on prudential limits reached RBI on time.

Background

29. Extra checks for deposit-takers

A company that takes public deposits gets extra checks, on top of the ones every NBFC gets.

Chapter III. Auditors to submit Exception Report to RBI

1. RBI gets an exception report

A bad finding or a rule break goes to RBI directly, as its own report.

2. That report names contraventions only

That report names rule breaks only, and never a statement that it is complying.

3. Sent to local RBI office

That exception report goes to RBI's office for the area where its registered office sits.

Chapter IV. Repeal and Other Provisions

1. RBI's own reading is final

If a doubt comes up, RBI's own reading of these Directions is final.

2. Old rules stay repealed

The rules this replaces, and anything already withdrawn under them, stay withdrawn.

3. Old approvals still count

An approval granted under the old rules still counts under this one.

4. Old penalties still apply

A penalty already earned under the old rules is not wiped out.

5. Other laws still apply

These Directions add to other laws and rules, and do not replace them.

Other RBI rules for NBFCs

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